Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models

Advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the gaming experience, enabling more engaging and adaptive interactions between players and digital characters. A key aspect of this progress is the ability of non-player characters (NPCs) to display more lifelike realistic emotion...

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Main Authors: João Ricardo Pinheiro, Paulo de Tarso Fernandes, Augusto Baffa, Bruno Feijó
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Brazilian Computer Society 2025-06-01
Series:Journal on Interactive Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals-sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/jis/article/view/5642
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author João Ricardo Pinheiro
Paulo de Tarso Fernandes
Augusto Baffa
Bruno Feijó
author_facet João Ricardo Pinheiro
Paulo de Tarso Fernandes
Augusto Baffa
Bruno Feijó
author_sort João Ricardo Pinheiro
collection DOAJ
description Advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the gaming experience, enabling more engaging and adaptive interactions between players and digital characters. A key aspect of this progress is the ability of non-player characters (NPCs) to display more lifelike realistic emotional responses that simulate the fluid and unpredictable nature of human emotions. This work presents a novel emotion model integrating Lövheim’s Cube of Emotions with Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, combining the dynamic aspects of the former with the detailed structure of the latter. The model was expanded from a 22-emotion, 21-point mapping to a more detailed version with 24 emotions across 52 points, allowing for better emotional differentiation. Two algorithms were upgraded and tested: an extended cube of emotions using the Euclidean distance, and the same cube incorporating fuzzy logic. Both methods showed significantly better results than their previous versions, with the Euclidean being the best overall. That indicates a more precise mapping of emotions. However, it can only return one emotion at a time. While the Fuzzy Logic method allows for more than one emotional response at the same time, associating neurotransmitters and emotions within fuzzy rules was quite complex.
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publisher Brazilian Computer Society
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spelling doaj-art-89fec2d1ef5c44eb95b513feeeb00e292025-08-20T03:22:57ZengBrazilian Computer SocietyJournal on Interactive Systems2763-77192025-06-0116110.5753/jis.2025.5642Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion modelsJoão Ricardo Pinheiro0Paulo de Tarso Fernandes1Augusto Baffa2Bruno Feijó3Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroPontifical Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroPontifical Catholic University of Rio de JaneiroPontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the gaming experience, enabling more engaging and adaptive interactions between players and digital characters. A key aspect of this progress is the ability of non-player characters (NPCs) to display more lifelike realistic emotional responses that simulate the fluid and unpredictable nature of human emotions. This work presents a novel emotion model integrating Lövheim’s Cube of Emotions with Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions, combining the dynamic aspects of the former with the detailed structure of the latter. The model was expanded from a 22-emotion, 21-point mapping to a more detailed version with 24 emotions across 52 points, allowing for better emotional differentiation. Two algorithms were upgraded and tested: an extended cube of emotions using the Euclidean distance, and the same cube incorporating fuzzy logic. Both methods showed significantly better results than their previous versions, with the Euclidean being the best overall. That indicates a more precise mapping of emotions. However, it can only return one emotion at a time. While the Fuzzy Logic method allows for more than one emotional response at the same time, associating neurotransmitters and emotions within fuzzy rules was quite complex. https://journals-sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/jis/article/view/5642Emotion ModelingLövheim CubePlutchik’s WheelFuzzy LogicNeuroscience-inspired AIDynamic Emotional Responses
spellingShingle João Ricardo Pinheiro
Paulo de Tarso Fernandes
Augusto Baffa
Bruno Feijó
Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
Journal on Interactive Systems
Emotion Modeling
Lövheim Cube
Plutchik’s Wheel
Fuzzy Logic
Neuroscience-inspired AI
Dynamic Emotional Responses
title Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
title_full Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
title_fullStr Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
title_full_unstemmed Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
title_short Exploring extensions of neurotransmitter-based emotion models
title_sort exploring extensions of neurotransmitter based emotion models
topic Emotion Modeling
Lövheim Cube
Plutchik’s Wheel
Fuzzy Logic
Neuroscience-inspired AI
Dynamic Emotional Responses
url https://journals-sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/jis/article/view/5642
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AT paulodetarsofernandes exploringextensionsofneurotransmitterbasedemotionmodels
AT augustobaffa exploringextensionsofneurotransmitterbasedemotionmodels
AT brunofeijo exploringextensionsofneurotransmitterbasedemotionmodels