Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India

Heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), pose a significant environmental challenge worldwide owing to their detrimental effects on ecosystem sustainability. India, the most populous country in the world, presently faces severe contamination by heavy metals. This study identifies and q...

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Main Authors: Madhusmita Mishra, Ashirbad Mishra, Poonam Mangaraj, Atul Kumar Srivastava, Gufran Beig, Pallavi Sahoo, Sridhara Nayak, B. Anjan Kumar Prusty, Arti Choudhary, Saroj Kumar Sahu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:All Earth
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27669645.2025.2535845
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author Madhusmita Mishra
Ashirbad Mishra
Poonam Mangaraj
Atul Kumar Srivastava
Gufran Beig
Pallavi Sahoo
Sridhara Nayak
B. Anjan Kumar Prusty
Arti Choudhary
Saroj Kumar Sahu
author_facet Madhusmita Mishra
Ashirbad Mishra
Poonam Mangaraj
Atul Kumar Srivastava
Gufran Beig
Pallavi Sahoo
Sridhara Nayak
B. Anjan Kumar Prusty
Arti Choudhary
Saroj Kumar Sahu
author_sort Madhusmita Mishra
collection DOAJ
description Heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), pose a significant environmental challenge worldwide owing to their detrimental effects on ecosystem sustainability. India, the most populous country in the world, presently faces severe contamination by heavy metals. This study identifies and quantifies the Cd and Pb emissions from the principal industrial sources at the district level across India, using the IPCC bottom-up approach for 2019. The developed emission inventory includes various industries, notably coal-based power plants, captive power plants, cement production, iron and steel manufacturing, non-ferrous metal production, municipal and biomedical waste incineration, the glass industry, and fly ash generated. Annual emissions were reported to be approximately 2,016 tonnes/year (t/yr) for Cd and 19,258 t/yr for Pb, where coal combustion across different industries emitted approximately 93 t of Cd and 927 t of Pb, with the energy sector contributing about 66% and fly ash accounting for over 80% of total emissions. Among non-ferrous metals, copper production is solely responsible for 44 t and 77 t of Cd and Pb, respectively. The research also identifies regional hotspots for Cd and Pb emissions across India, highlighting areas where targeted remediation strategies can support sustainable environmental management.
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spelling doaj-art-89fd18c1ce844eaca0dd7014c2b8d9d82025-08-20T02:50:53ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAll Earth2766-96452025-12-0137111310.1080/27669645.2025.2535845Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across IndiaMadhusmita Mishra0Ashirbad Mishra1Poonam Mangaraj2Atul Kumar Srivastava3Gufran Beig4Pallavi Sahoo5Sridhara Nayak6B. Anjan Kumar Prusty7Arti Choudhary8Saroj Kumar Sahu9Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, IndiaResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, JapanIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaNational Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, IndiaJapan Meteorological Corporation, JapanDepartment of Environmental Science, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, IndiaBanaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, IndiaHeavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), pose a significant environmental challenge worldwide owing to their detrimental effects on ecosystem sustainability. India, the most populous country in the world, presently faces severe contamination by heavy metals. This study identifies and quantifies the Cd and Pb emissions from the principal industrial sources at the district level across India, using the IPCC bottom-up approach for 2019. The developed emission inventory includes various industries, notably coal-based power plants, captive power plants, cement production, iron and steel manufacturing, non-ferrous metal production, municipal and biomedical waste incineration, the glass industry, and fly ash generated. Annual emissions were reported to be approximately 2,016 tonnes/year (t/yr) for Cd and 19,258 t/yr for Pb, where coal combustion across different industries emitted approximately 93 t of Cd and 927 t of Pb, with the energy sector contributing about 66% and fly ash accounting for over 80% of total emissions. Among non-ferrous metals, copper production is solely responsible for 44 t and 77 t of Cd and Pb, respectively. The research also identifies regional hotspots for Cd and Pb emissions across India, highlighting areas where targeted remediation strategies can support sustainable environmental management.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27669645.2025.2535845Cadmiumleadfossil fuelfly ashindustry
spellingShingle Madhusmita Mishra
Ashirbad Mishra
Poonam Mangaraj
Atul Kumar Srivastava
Gufran Beig
Pallavi Sahoo
Sridhara Nayak
B. Anjan Kumar Prusty
Arti Choudhary
Saroj Kumar Sahu
Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
All Earth
Cadmium
lead
fossil fuel
fly ash
industry
title Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
title_full Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
title_fullStr Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
title_full_unstemmed Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
title_short Quantification and spatial assessment of industrial Cd and Pb emission across India
title_sort quantification and spatial assessment of industrial cd and pb emission across india
topic Cadmium
lead
fossil fuel
fly ash
industry
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/27669645.2025.2535845
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