Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are vaccine preventable. In 2016, the previously recommended three-dose HPV vaccination series was changed to a two-dose series and nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) became the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. Data on lo...

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Main Authors: Jonathan Steinberg, Gitika Panicker, Elizabeth R. Unger, Ian Blake, Rayleen M. Lewis, Jesse Geis, Dana Bruden, Marc Fischer, Lauri E. Markowitz, Michael G. Bruce
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10961-z
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author Jonathan Steinberg
Gitika Panicker
Elizabeth R. Unger
Ian Blake
Rayleen M. Lewis
Jesse Geis
Dana Bruden
Marc Fischer
Lauri E. Markowitz
Michael G. Bruce
author_facet Jonathan Steinberg
Gitika Panicker
Elizabeth R. Unger
Ian Blake
Rayleen M. Lewis
Jesse Geis
Dana Bruden
Marc Fischer
Lauri E. Markowitz
Michael G. Bruce
author_sort Jonathan Steinberg
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are vaccine preventable. In 2016, the previously recommended three-dose HPV vaccination series was changed to a two-dose series and nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) became the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. Data on longer-term duration of antibodies following a 9vHPV two-dose series are limited. We evaluated the immunogenicity and duration of antibodies up to three years after vaccination with a two-dose series of 9vHPV in a cohort of Alaska Native children. Methods We enrolled Alaska Native children aged 9–14 years who received 9vHPV in Anchorage, Alaska during 2017–2018. We collected sera at six months after dose one and at one month, one year, and three years after dose two to measure type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for the 9vHPV types (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58). Aggregate type-specific IgG concentrations were reported as geometric mean concentrations (GMC). Results A total of 227 children completed the two-dose series of 9vHPV and provided ≥ 1 blood sample. The median age at enrollment was 11.0 years (range: 9.0–14.6) and was similar between males and females (p = 0.11). At one month after dose two, all 197 participants with available serum were seropositive for all 9vHPV types. Among 145 participants who had a specimen available at three years after dose two, 134 (92%) remained seropositive for all 9vHPV types. GMC peaked for all types at one month post dose two and remained higher at three years post dose two compared to six months post dose one. Conclusions We found high immunogenicity and antibody persistence after a two-dose series of 9vHPV in this cohort of Alaska Native children. Further follow-up will determine duration of antibody detection in this cohort.
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spelling doaj-art-89f1c6a8ddb248dbaa335c71ba863c302025-08-20T02:55:21ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-04-012511810.1186/s12879-025-10961-zImmunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort studyJonathan Steinberg0Gitika Panicker1Elizabeth R. Unger2Ian Blake3Rayleen M. Lewis4Jesse Geis5Dana Bruden6Marc Fischer7Lauri E. Markowitz8Michael G. Bruce9Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionDivision of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionDivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionDivision of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionArctic Investigations Program, Division of Infectious Disease Readiness and Innovation, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are vaccine preventable. In 2016, the previously recommended three-dose HPV vaccination series was changed to a two-dose series and nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) became the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. Data on longer-term duration of antibodies following a 9vHPV two-dose series are limited. We evaluated the immunogenicity and duration of antibodies up to three years after vaccination with a two-dose series of 9vHPV in a cohort of Alaska Native children. Methods We enrolled Alaska Native children aged 9–14 years who received 9vHPV in Anchorage, Alaska during 2017–2018. We collected sera at six months after dose one and at one month, one year, and three years after dose two to measure type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations for the 9vHPV types (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58). Aggregate type-specific IgG concentrations were reported as geometric mean concentrations (GMC). Results A total of 227 children completed the two-dose series of 9vHPV and provided ≥ 1 blood sample. The median age at enrollment was 11.0 years (range: 9.0–14.6) and was similar between males and females (p = 0.11). At one month after dose two, all 197 participants with available serum were seropositive for all 9vHPV types. Among 145 participants who had a specimen available at three years after dose two, 134 (92%) remained seropositive for all 9vHPV types. GMC peaked for all types at one month post dose two and remained higher at three years post dose two compared to six months post dose one. Conclusions We found high immunogenicity and antibody persistence after a two-dose series of 9vHPV in this cohort of Alaska Native children. Further follow-up will determine duration of antibody detection in this cohort.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10961-zHuman papillomavirus virusesVaccinesAlaska
spellingShingle Jonathan Steinberg
Gitika Panicker
Elizabeth R. Unger
Ian Blake
Rayleen M. Lewis
Jesse Geis
Dana Bruden
Marc Fischer
Lauri E. Markowitz
Michael G. Bruce
Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases
Human papillomavirus viruses
Vaccines
Alaska
title Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
title_full Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
title_short Immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two-dose series of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine among Alaska Native children: a prospective cohort study
title_sort immunogenicity and duration of antibodies after vaccination with a two dose series of the nine valent human papillomavirus vaccine among alaska native children a prospective cohort study
topic Human papillomavirus viruses
Vaccines
Alaska
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10961-z
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