Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)

Abstract Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including artificial insemination (AI), represent promising tools for the conservation of genetic resources of vulnerable wild felid species. This study reports the application of AI in African lions ( Panthera leo), using fresh semen collected via...

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Main Authors: Behrang Ekrami, Hamid Ghasemzedeh Nava, Maziar Kaveh Baghbadorani, Fereshteh Nosrati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04910-w
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author Behrang Ekrami
Hamid Ghasemzedeh Nava
Maziar Kaveh Baghbadorani
Fereshteh Nosrati
author_facet Behrang Ekrami
Hamid Ghasemzedeh Nava
Maziar Kaveh Baghbadorani
Fereshteh Nosrati
author_sort Behrang Ekrami
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including artificial insemination (AI), represent promising tools for the conservation of genetic resources of vulnerable wild felid species. This study reports the application of AI in African lions ( Panthera leo), using fresh semen collected via urethral catheterization under general anesthesia. Semen samples were obtained from two adult male lions and subsequently analyzed for volume, motility, concentration, and morphology. A qualified sample, measuring 0.4 mL in volume, was extended at a 1:4 ratio, using 1.6 mL of a Tris-egg yolk-based extender. Ovarian stimulation in three adult lionesses was achieved through the intramuscular administration of 1000 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. At 100 hours’ post-administration, behavioral and physiological indicators of estrus were observed. Subsequently, 750 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered to induce ovulation. AI was performed 36 h following hCG injection via minimal invasive midline laparotomy. A total of 0.25 mL of the extended semen, containing approximately 1 × 10⁶ spermatozoa, was deposited into each uterine horn using a 24-gauge intravenous catheter. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted 60 days’ post-insemination using transabdominal ultrasonography. One of the three lionesses (33.3%) was confirmed pregnant, with two viable fetuses detected within the uterine horns. The pregnancy proceeded to term, lasting 115 days, and resulted in the live birth of two cubs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of minimally invasive laparotomic AI using fresh-extended semen in Panthera leo, and facilitate the utility of ART in ex situ conservation efforts for endangered felid species.
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spelling doaj-art-89ed6e706cbf4611869faf2f2dcd74392025-08-20T03:45:57ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-07-0121111110.1186/s12917-025-04910-wConducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)Behrang Ekrami0Hamid Ghasemzedeh Nava1Maziar Kaveh Baghbadorani2Fereshteh Nosrati3Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chaloos Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TehranDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TehranMeral Veterinary ClinicAbstract Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including artificial insemination (AI), represent promising tools for the conservation of genetic resources of vulnerable wild felid species. This study reports the application of AI in African lions ( Panthera leo), using fresh semen collected via urethral catheterization under general anesthesia. Semen samples were obtained from two adult male lions and subsequently analyzed for volume, motility, concentration, and morphology. A qualified sample, measuring 0.4 mL in volume, was extended at a 1:4 ratio, using 1.6 mL of a Tris-egg yolk-based extender. Ovarian stimulation in three adult lionesses was achieved through the intramuscular administration of 1000 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. At 100 hours’ post-administration, behavioral and physiological indicators of estrus were observed. Subsequently, 750 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered to induce ovulation. AI was performed 36 h following hCG injection via minimal invasive midline laparotomy. A total of 0.25 mL of the extended semen, containing approximately 1 × 10⁶ spermatozoa, was deposited into each uterine horn using a 24-gauge intravenous catheter. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted 60 days’ post-insemination using transabdominal ultrasonography. One of the three lionesses (33.3%) was confirmed pregnant, with two viable fetuses detected within the uterine horns. The pregnancy proceeded to term, lasting 115 days, and resulted in the live birth of two cubs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of minimally invasive laparotomic AI using fresh-extended semen in Panthera leo, and facilitate the utility of ART in ex situ conservation efforts for endangered felid species.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04910-wAfrican LionArtificial inseminationLaparotomyeCGSemen
spellingShingle Behrang Ekrami
Hamid Ghasemzedeh Nava
Maziar Kaveh Baghbadorani
Fereshteh Nosrati
Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
BMC Veterinary Research
African Lion
Artificial insemination
Laparotomy
eCG
Semen
title Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
title_full Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
title_fullStr Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
title_full_unstemmed Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
title_short Conducting successful mini-invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in African Lion(Panthera leo)
title_sort conducting successful mini invasive laparotomy assisted artificial insemination in african lion panthera leo
topic African Lion
Artificial insemination
Laparotomy
eCG
Semen
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04910-w
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