Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay
Abstract This study aimed to investigate how different legs as well as cross-country skiing and shooting performances, associate to final rankings in biathlon relay competitions for both women and men. Data including rank, finish/leg time (LT), course (CT), range (RT) and penalty (PT) times, as well...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01160-z |
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| author | Marko S. Laaksonen Glenn Björklund |
| author_facet | Marko S. Laaksonen Glenn Björklund |
| author_sort | Marko S. Laaksonen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aimed to investigate how different legs as well as cross-country skiing and shooting performances, associate to final rankings in biathlon relay competitions for both women and men. Data including rank, finish/leg time (LT), course (CT), range (RT) and penalty (PT) times, as well as number of shots (NS) and penalty loops (NPL), were collected from the International Biathlon Union’s database over two seasons, comprising 12 competitions for all teams ranked 1–20. Teams were categorized as G3 (rank 1–3), G10 (rank 4–10) and G20 (rank 11–20). Kruskal-Wallis’ test was used to compare the variables between the groups in total for an entire relay competition, and for each leg. For women, LT was longer for G20 across all four legs due to longer CT, and for G10 during legs 2 and 4 due to longer RT compared to G3 (p < 0.05). For men, LT was longer for G20 during all legs due to longer CT and RT (legs 2–4), and for G10 during legs 3 and 4 due to longer CT compared to G3 (p < 0.05). The present results suggest therefore that the shooting performance for women (especially shorter RT) during legs 2 and 4, and skiing performance for men during legs 3 and 4, are most decisive for final performance during a biathlon relay. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-89ecd753b5424641bfd23372d79e339a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2052-1847 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| spelling | doaj-art-89ecd753b5424641bfd23372d79e339a2025-08-20T03:45:36ZengBMCBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation2052-18472025-04-011711810.1186/s13102-025-01160-zPerformance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relayMarko S. Laaksonen0Glenn Björklund1Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversitySwedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversityAbstract This study aimed to investigate how different legs as well as cross-country skiing and shooting performances, associate to final rankings in biathlon relay competitions for both women and men. Data including rank, finish/leg time (LT), course (CT), range (RT) and penalty (PT) times, as well as number of shots (NS) and penalty loops (NPL), were collected from the International Biathlon Union’s database over two seasons, comprising 12 competitions for all teams ranked 1–20. Teams were categorized as G3 (rank 1–3), G10 (rank 4–10) and G20 (rank 11–20). Kruskal-Wallis’ test was used to compare the variables between the groups in total for an entire relay competition, and for each leg. For women, LT was longer for G20 across all four legs due to longer CT, and for G10 during legs 2 and 4 due to longer RT compared to G3 (p < 0.05). For men, LT was longer for G20 during all legs due to longer CT and RT (legs 2–4), and for G10 during legs 3 and 4 due to longer CT compared to G3 (p < 0.05). The present results suggest therefore that the shooting performance for women (especially shorter RT) during legs 2 and 4, and skiing performance for men during legs 3 and 4, are most decisive for final performance during a biathlon relay.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01160-zCompetitionCross-country skiingFinal rankRifle shootingTacticsTeam performance |
| spellingShingle | Marko S. Laaksonen Glenn Björklund Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation Competition Cross-country skiing Final rank Rifle shooting Tactics Team performance |
| title | Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay |
| title_full | Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay |
| title_fullStr | Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay |
| title_short | Performance indicators in women’s and men’s biathlon relay |
| title_sort | performance indicators in women s and men s biathlon relay |
| topic | Competition Cross-country skiing Final rank Rifle shooting Tactics Team performance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01160-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markoslaaksonen performanceindicatorsinwomensandmensbiathlonrelay AT glennbjorklund performanceindicatorsinwomensandmensbiathlonrelay |