Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution

The strategic development of selenium-enriched soil cultivation is essential for effective agricultural land management. This research explores the sustainable utilization of selenium-rich soils in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Island. An extensive evaluation was conducted on 7266 surface soil samples,...

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Main Authors: Jianzhou Yang, Kai Li, Jianweng Gao, Zhenliang Wang, Jingjing Gong, Shuqi Hu, Qiang Zhang, Zhuang Duan, Yong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Land
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1798
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author Jianzhou Yang
Kai Li
Jianweng Gao
Zhenliang Wang
Jingjing Gong
Shuqi Hu
Qiang Zhang
Zhuang Duan
Yong Li
author_facet Jianzhou Yang
Kai Li
Jianweng Gao
Zhenliang Wang
Jingjing Gong
Shuqi Hu
Qiang Zhang
Zhuang Duan
Yong Li
author_sort Jianzhou Yang
collection DOAJ
description The strategic development of selenium-enriched soil cultivation is essential for effective agricultural land management. This research explores the sustainable utilization of selenium-rich soils in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Island. An extensive evaluation was conducted on 7266 surface soil samples, assessing the selenium concentrations, nutrient levels, heavy metals, pH values, and soil organic matter (SOM). In addition, analyses of 70 samples for organochlorine compounds and PAHs were performed. The results indicated average selenium content of 0.46 mg/kg, with 55.2% of the samples surpassing the selenium enrichment threshold of 0.4 mg/kg. According to the GB15618-2018 standards, 127 samples (1.75%) showed medium or high chromium-associated risks. No contamination from organochlorine compounds or PAHs was found, including the 16 priority-controlled PAHs with an average concentration of 30.3 µg/kg, confirming the soil’s high quality. The correlation and factor analysis identified surface enrichment as the main factor influencing selenium accumulation, presenting minimal environmental risks. Consequently, three categories of selenium-rich soil were defined: selenium-rich, pollution-free, and high-nutrient selenium-rich soil. Recommendations based on the soil characteristics and existing agricultural practices were made for the cultivation of selenium-rich vegetables, rubber, and nuts. This study lays a foundation for the sustainable management of selenium-rich soils, providing insights for further research and decision-making to optimize these resources, thus promoting environmental protection and agricultural sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-89e8d30b6f9f46d3af50932ccaa1c1c82025-08-20T02:05:03ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-10-011311179810.3390/land13111798Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element DistributionJianzhou Yang0Kai Li1Jianweng Gao2Zhenliang Wang3Jingjing Gong4Shuqi Hu5Qiang Zhang6Zhuang Duan7Yong Li8Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaRadiation Environmental Monitoring Center of GDNGB, Guangzhou 510800, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, ChinaThe strategic development of selenium-enriched soil cultivation is essential for effective agricultural land management. This research explores the sustainable utilization of selenium-rich soils in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Island. An extensive evaluation was conducted on 7266 surface soil samples, assessing the selenium concentrations, nutrient levels, heavy metals, pH values, and soil organic matter (SOM). In addition, analyses of 70 samples for organochlorine compounds and PAHs were performed. The results indicated average selenium content of 0.46 mg/kg, with 55.2% of the samples surpassing the selenium enrichment threshold of 0.4 mg/kg. According to the GB15618-2018 standards, 127 samples (1.75%) showed medium or high chromium-associated risks. No contamination from organochlorine compounds or PAHs was found, including the 16 priority-controlled PAHs with an average concentration of 30.3 µg/kg, confirming the soil’s high quality. The correlation and factor analysis identified surface enrichment as the main factor influencing selenium accumulation, presenting minimal environmental risks. Consequently, three categories of selenium-rich soil were defined: selenium-rich, pollution-free, and high-nutrient selenium-rich soil. Recommendations based on the soil characteristics and existing agricultural practices were made for the cultivation of selenium-rich vegetables, rubber, and nuts. This study lays a foundation for the sustainable management of selenium-rich soils, providing insights for further research and decision-making to optimize these resources, thus promoting environmental protection and agricultural sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1798selenium-rich soilheavy metalsPAHsselenium sourceQiongzhong Countyagricultural planning
spellingShingle Jianzhou Yang
Kai Li
Jianweng Gao
Zhenliang Wang
Jingjing Gong
Shuqi Hu
Qiang Zhang
Zhuang Duan
Yong Li
Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
Land
selenium-rich soil
heavy metals
PAHs
selenium source
Qiongzhong County
agricultural planning
title Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
title_full Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
title_fullStr Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
title_full_unstemmed Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
title_short Integrated Assessment and Agricultural Planning in Selenium-Rich Hilly Soils: A Case Study on Land Use, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Nutrient Element Distribution
title_sort integrated assessment and agricultural planning in selenium rich hilly soils a case study on land use heavy metal contamination and nutrient element distribution
topic selenium-rich soil
heavy metals
PAHs
selenium source
Qiongzhong County
agricultural planning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/11/1798
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