Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?

Abstract Background Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID‐19, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lun...

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Main Authors: Arehally M. Mahalakshmi, Bipul Ray, Sunanda Tuladhar, Abid Bhat, Shasthara Paneyala, Duraisamy Patteswari, Meena Kishore Sakharkar, Hamdan Hamdan, David M. Ojcius, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, M. Walid Qoronfleh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-03-01
Series:Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.387
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author Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
Bipul Ray
Sunanda Tuladhar
Abid Bhat
Shasthara Paneyala
Duraisamy Patteswari
Meena Kishore Sakharkar
Hamdan Hamdan
David M. Ojcius
Srinivasa Rao Bolla
Musthafa Mohamed Essa
Saravana Babu Chidambaram
M. Walid Qoronfleh
author_facet Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
Bipul Ray
Sunanda Tuladhar
Abid Bhat
Shasthara Paneyala
Duraisamy Patteswari
Meena Kishore Sakharkar
Hamdan Hamdan
David M. Ojcius
Srinivasa Rao Bolla
Musthafa Mohamed Essa
Saravana Babu Chidambaram
M. Walid Qoronfleh
author_sort Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID‐19, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lungs, such as the heart, kidneys, and the brain. Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem. Methods This is a literature review article. The research design method is an evidence‐based rapid review. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on COVID‐19 repercussion on the central nervous system (CNS). Standard literature and database searches were implemented, gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed. Results The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors being the receptor for the virus, the threat to the central nervous system is expected. Neurons and glial cells express ACE2 receptors in the CNS, and recent studies suggest that activated glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation and the devastating effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the CNS. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced immune‐mediated demyelinating disease, cerebrovascular damage, neurodegeneration, and depression are some of the neurological complications discussed here. Conclusion This review correlates present clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 patients with possible neurological consequences in the future, thus preparing healthcare providers for possible future consequences of COVID‐19.
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spelling doaj-art-89e5383ee2f744ce82245578bdcc25e82025-08-20T02:15:41ZengWileyImmunity, Inflammation and Disease2050-45272021-03-0191485810.1002/iid3.387Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?Arehally M. Mahalakshmi0Bipul Ray1Sunanda Tuladhar2Abid Bhat3Shasthara Paneyala4Duraisamy Patteswari5Meena Kishore Sakharkar6Hamdan Hamdan7David M. Ojcius8Srinivasa Rao Bolla9Musthafa Mohamed Essa10Saravana Babu Chidambaram11M. Walid Qoronfleh12Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaDepartment of Neurology JSS Hospital Mysuru Karnataka IndiaDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaThe Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK CanadaDepartment of Physiology Al Faisal University Riyadh Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry University of the Pacific San Francisco California USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University Nur‐Sultan 020000 KazakhstanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS Sultan Qaboos University Muscat OmanDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru Karnataka IndiaResearch & Policy Department World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH) Qatar Foundation Doha QatarAbstract Background Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID‐19, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lungs, such as the heart, kidneys, and the brain. Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem. Methods This is a literature review article. The research design method is an evidence‐based rapid review. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on COVID‐19 repercussion on the central nervous system (CNS). Standard literature and database searches were implemented, gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed. Results The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors being the receptor for the virus, the threat to the central nervous system is expected. Neurons and glial cells express ACE2 receptors in the CNS, and recent studies suggest that activated glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation and the devastating effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the CNS. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced immune‐mediated demyelinating disease, cerebrovascular damage, neurodegeneration, and depression are some of the neurological complications discussed here. Conclusion This review correlates present clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 patients with possible neurological consequences in the future, thus preparing healthcare providers for possible future consequences of COVID‐19.https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.387ACE2COVID‐19glial cellsimmune mediated demyelinationmemory impairmentneurodegeneration
spellingShingle Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
Bipul Ray
Sunanda Tuladhar
Abid Bhat
Shasthara Paneyala
Duraisamy Patteswari
Meena Kishore Sakharkar
Hamdan Hamdan
David M. Ojcius
Srinivasa Rao Bolla
Musthafa Mohamed Essa
Saravana Babu Chidambaram
M. Walid Qoronfleh
Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
ACE2
COVID‐19
glial cells
immune mediated demyelination
memory impairment
neurodegeneration
title Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
title_full Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
title_fullStr Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
title_full_unstemmed Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
title_short Does COVID‐19 contribute to development of neurological disease?
title_sort does covid 19 contribute to development of neurological disease
topic ACE2
COVID‐19
glial cells
immune mediated demyelination
memory impairment
neurodegeneration
url https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.387
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