Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil
Abstract Improper synchronous grouting materials and construction parameters may cause the shield segments to float, resulting in tunnel dislocation, open joints, uneven deformation, and water leakage. This paper conducts tests on shield synchronous grout performance and presents a multi-objective o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11926-7 |
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| author | Hui Jin Enzhi Wang Dajun Yuan Xiaoli Liu Shangkun Wu |
| author_facet | Hui Jin Enzhi Wang Dajun Yuan Xiaoli Liu Shangkun Wu |
| author_sort | Hui Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Improper synchronous grouting materials and construction parameters may cause the shield segments to float, resulting in tunnel dislocation, open joints, uneven deformation, and water leakage. This paper conducts tests on shield synchronous grout performance and presents a multi-objective optimization method for grout performance. This method considers initial setting time, shear yield strength, early compressive strength, and density as optimization performance indicators. An optimized grouting ratio suitable for tunnel anti-floating is recommended and verified. The corresponding construction parameters matching the grout performance are also discussed using numerical simulation methods. Results indicate that the performance of synchronous grout and grouting pressure, distribution, and shield advancing speed have the most significant impact on tunnel stability. A synchronous grout with ratios of water-cement, glue-sand, bentonite-water, cement-fly ash, and additive-glue of 0.602, 0.613, 0.267, 0.733, and 0.010 can obtain a shorter initial setting time and higher shear and compressive strength. Accordingly, the shield tunneling speed should not exceed 83.28 min/ring, ensuring the liquid grout length is regulated at 5 rings. Alternatively, grouting should be limited to the top portion of the segment, or additional grouting holes at high positions should be installed. The related studies can offer recommendations for shield tunnel construction in soft strata. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-89e3617cdb2d4816b455863da309a6ad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-89e3617cdb2d4816b455863da309a6ad2025-08-20T03:42:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-11926-7Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soilHui Jin0Enzhi Wang1Dajun Yuan2Xiaoli Liu3Shangkun Wu4State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityState Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityKey Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityState Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua UniversityKey Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Improper synchronous grouting materials and construction parameters may cause the shield segments to float, resulting in tunnel dislocation, open joints, uneven deformation, and water leakage. This paper conducts tests on shield synchronous grout performance and presents a multi-objective optimization method for grout performance. This method considers initial setting time, shear yield strength, early compressive strength, and density as optimization performance indicators. An optimized grouting ratio suitable for tunnel anti-floating is recommended and verified. The corresponding construction parameters matching the grout performance are also discussed using numerical simulation methods. Results indicate that the performance of synchronous grout and grouting pressure, distribution, and shield advancing speed have the most significant impact on tunnel stability. A synchronous grout with ratios of water-cement, glue-sand, bentonite-water, cement-fly ash, and additive-glue of 0.602, 0.613, 0.267, 0.733, and 0.010 can obtain a shorter initial setting time and higher shear and compressive strength. Accordingly, the shield tunneling speed should not exceed 83.28 min/ring, ensuring the liquid grout length is regulated at 5 rings. Alternatively, grouting should be limited to the top portion of the segment, or additional grouting holes at high positions should be installed. The related studies can offer recommendations for shield tunnel construction in soft strata.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11926-7ShieldSoft soilGrouting materialsPerformance optimizationConstruction parameters |
| spellingShingle | Hui Jin Enzhi Wang Dajun Yuan Xiaoli Liu Shangkun Wu Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil Scientific Reports Shield Soft soil Grouting materials Performance optimization Construction parameters |
| title | Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| title_full | Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| title_short | Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| title_sort | optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil |
| topic | Shield Soft soil Grouting materials Performance optimization Construction parameters |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11926-7 |
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