Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Seeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphoru...

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Main Authors: Imre I. NYARADI, Katalin MOLNAR, Bela BIRO-JANKA, Andrea R. ZSIGMOND, Laszlo FODORPATAKI
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AcademicPres 2024-11-01
Series:Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Online Access:https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/13941
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author Imre I. NYARADI
Katalin MOLNAR
Bela BIRO-JANKA
Andrea R. ZSIGMOND
Laszlo FODORPATAKI
author_facet Imre I. NYARADI
Katalin MOLNAR
Bela BIRO-JANKA
Andrea R. ZSIGMOND
Laszlo FODORPATAKI
author_sort Imre I. NYARADI
collection DOAJ
description Seeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supplied with the nutrient medium, as well as by creating a moderate water deficit during controlled irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two N:P ratios (i.e. 8 mM nitrogen as nitrate to 2 mM phosphorus as phosphate, and 3 mM nitrogen to 6 mM phosphorus), combined with two water supply regimes (sufficient and insufficient) on vegetative growth parameters, seed production, seed oil, protein, vitamin E, iron, zinc and manganese content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants. The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit, while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars. The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency. The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants. In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower, while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio. As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (i.e. the N:P ratio was 4:1). The findings may contribute to optimization of hemp cultivation, in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach, for the purpose of production of higher quality seeds for human and animal consumption, as well as for the cosmetic industry.
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spelling doaj-art-89e198a0e2fc45de85297b8d5161f6c52025-08-20T02:40:06ZengAcademicPresNotulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca0255-965X1842-43092024-11-0152410.15835/nbha52413941Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)Imre I. NYARADI0Katalin MOLNAR1Bela BIRO-JANKA2Andrea R. ZSIGMOND3Laszlo FODORPATAKI4Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Horticulture, 2 Sighișoarei Road, 540485 Târgu MureșSapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Life Sciences, 50 Ciucului Street, 520036 Sfântu GheorgheSapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Horticulture, 2 Sighișoarei Road, 540485 Târgu MureșSapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Environmental Science, 4 Calea Turzii, 400193 Cluj-NapocaSapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Horticulture, 2 Sighișoarei Road, 540485 Târgu Mureș Seeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supplied with the nutrient medium, as well as by creating a moderate water deficit during controlled irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two N:P ratios (i.e. 8 mM nitrogen as nitrate to 2 mM phosphorus as phosphate, and 3 mM nitrogen to 6 mM phosphorus), combined with two water supply regimes (sufficient and insufficient) on vegetative growth parameters, seed production, seed oil, protein, vitamin E, iron, zinc and manganese content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants. The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit, while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars. The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency. The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants. In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower, while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio. As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (i.e. the N:P ratio was 4:1). The findings may contribute to optimization of hemp cultivation, in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach, for the purpose of production of higher quality seeds for human and animal consumption, as well as for the cosmetic industry. https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/13941essential micronutrientsgrowth indexseed oil contentvitamin E
spellingShingle Imre I. NYARADI
Katalin MOLNAR
Bela BIRO-JANKA
Andrea R. ZSIGMOND
Laszlo FODORPATAKI
Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
essential micronutrients
growth index
seed oil content
vitamin E
title Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
title_full Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
title_fullStr Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
title_full_unstemmed Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
title_short Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
title_sort influence of water shortage and n p ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp cannabis sativa l
topic essential micronutrients
growth index
seed oil content
vitamin E
url https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/13941
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