Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis
BackgroundVitamin D is commonly used in clinical practice, while its clinical significance in critically ill patients remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of vitamin D on this patient population.MethodsWe searched for ran...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1505616/full |
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| author | Wen-He Zheng Jia-Heng Shi Da-Xing Yu Hui-Bin Huang |
| author_facet | Wen-He Zheng Jia-Heng Shi Da-Xing Yu Hui-Bin Huang |
| author_sort | Wen-He Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundVitamin D is commonly used in clinical practice, while its clinical significance in critically ill patients remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of vitamin D on this patient population.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception until August 15, 2024. Studies evaluating critically ill adult patients who received vitamin D compared to controls were included. The primary outcome was short-term mortality. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE system to evaluate the study quality and evidence. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU or hospital. We also conducted meta-regression, subgroup analyses, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) to explore the potential heterogeneity among the included trials.ResultsNineteen RCTs with 2,754 patients were eligible. Overall, vitamin D significantly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and significantly reduced the short-term mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83; 95%CI, 0.70–0.98; p = 0.03, I2 = 13%), duration of MV (MD = −2.96 days; 95% CI, −5.39 to −0.52; I2 = 77%; p = 0.02) and ICU LOS (MD = −2.66 days; 95% CI, −4.04 to −1.29, I2 = 70%; p = 0.0001) but not hospital LOS (MD = −0.48 days; 95% CI, −2.37 to 1.40; I2 = 31%; p = 0.61). The meta-regression analysis revealed that the proportion of MV (MV%) accounted for the source of heterogeneity, and the subgroup analyses based on MV% suggested that the MV group was more likely to benefit from vitamin D applications than the partly MV group in all the predefined outcomes (all p values<0.05). TSA for short-term mortality suggested that more data is required to confirm our main conclusion.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and significantly benefited critically ill patients, especially those with MV.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-10-0074/, INPLASY2022100074. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-89d48d58e8d945a2bd70a79e8c83f8c1 |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-89d48d58e8d945a2bd70a79e8c83f8c12025-08-20T02:20:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-04-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15056161505616Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysisWen-He Zheng0Jia-Heng Shi1Da-Xing Yu2Hui-Bin Huang3Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundVitamin D is commonly used in clinical practice, while its clinical significance in critically ill patients remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of vitamin D on this patient population.MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception until August 15, 2024. Studies evaluating critically ill adult patients who received vitamin D compared to controls were included. The primary outcome was short-term mortality. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE system to evaluate the study quality and evidence. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU or hospital. We also conducted meta-regression, subgroup analyses, and trial sequential analysis (TSA) to explore the potential heterogeneity among the included trials.ResultsNineteen RCTs with 2,754 patients were eligible. Overall, vitamin D significantly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and significantly reduced the short-term mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 0.83; 95%CI, 0.70–0.98; p = 0.03, I2 = 13%), duration of MV (MD = −2.96 days; 95% CI, −5.39 to −0.52; I2 = 77%; p = 0.02) and ICU LOS (MD = −2.66 days; 95% CI, −4.04 to −1.29, I2 = 70%; p = 0.0001) but not hospital LOS (MD = −0.48 days; 95% CI, −2.37 to 1.40; I2 = 31%; p = 0.61). The meta-regression analysis revealed that the proportion of MV (MV%) accounted for the source of heterogeneity, and the subgroup analyses based on MV% suggested that the MV group was more likely to benefit from vitamin D applications than the partly MV group in all the predefined outcomes (all p values<0.05). TSA for short-term mortality suggested that more data is required to confirm our main conclusion.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and significantly benefited critically ill patients, especially those with MV.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-10-0074/, INPLASY2022100074.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1505616/fullvitamin Dcritical illnessmechanical ventilationmeta-analysismortality |
| spellingShingle | Wen-He Zheng Jia-Heng Shi Da-Xing Yu Hui-Bin Huang Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis Frontiers in Nutrition vitamin D critical illness mechanical ventilation meta-analysis mortality |
| title | Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis |
| title_full | Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis |
| title_short | Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis |
| title_sort | vitamin d supplementation in critically ill patients a meta analysis |
| topic | vitamin D critical illness mechanical ventilation meta-analysis mortality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1505616/full |
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