Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia

Context: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant problem among children in Indonesia. While pulmonary TB has been widely reported, information on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among children in Indonesia has not been well documented. Aims: The aim of this study is to document demographic and clinical characte...

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Main Authors: Rina Triasih, Riana Helmi, Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2018-07-01
Series:Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_10_18
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author Rina Triasih
Riana Helmi
Ida Safitri Laksanawati
author_facet Rina Triasih
Riana Helmi
Ida Safitri Laksanawati
author_sort Rina Triasih
collection DOAJ
description Context: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant problem among children in Indonesia. While pulmonary TB has been widely reported, information on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among children in Indonesia has not been well documented. Aims: The aim of this study is to document demographic and clinical characteristics and outcome of EPTB in children. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects and Methods: Medical records were reviewed for all children aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with EPTB and admitted to this hospital between 2009 and 2015. Results: Fifty-three patients with EPTB were admitted to the hospital during the study period. EPTB was more common in children aged >5 years, with median (interquartile range) age of presentation at 12.5 years (4.1–14.7 years). Major presenting symptoms were fever (72%), cough (55%), and weight loss (38%). Common types of EPTB were meningitis (28%), miliary TB (23%), and osteoarthritis (20%). The diagnosis was confirmed by either acid-fast bacilli smear or GeneXpert MTB/rifampicin (RIF) in 13 patients. Evidence of TB infection was documented in 26 % of children with positive result of tuberculin skin test. Mycobacterium TB was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF in 23% of children. The mortality rate was 19% which mostly occured in children with meningitis (60%). Conclusion: EPTB was commonly seen in older children, and tuberculous meningitis was both the most common type and cause of death of EPTB in our setting.
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spelling doaj-art-89d44b2ddf97444d9491717e14bc686f2025-08-20T03:13:42ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsPediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine2543-03432543-03512018-07-0123515510.4103/prcm.prcm_10_18Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in IndonesiaRina TriasihRiana HelmiIda Safitri LaksanawatiContext: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant problem among children in Indonesia. While pulmonary TB has been widely reported, information on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among children in Indonesia has not been well documented. Aims: The aim of this study is to document demographic and clinical characteristics and outcome of EPTB in children. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects and Methods: Medical records were reviewed for all children aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with EPTB and admitted to this hospital between 2009 and 2015. Results: Fifty-three patients with EPTB were admitted to the hospital during the study period. EPTB was more common in children aged >5 years, with median (interquartile range) age of presentation at 12.5 years (4.1–14.7 years). Major presenting symptoms were fever (72%), cough (55%), and weight loss (38%). Common types of EPTB were meningitis (28%), miliary TB (23%), and osteoarthritis (20%). The diagnosis was confirmed by either acid-fast bacilli smear or GeneXpert MTB/rifampicin (RIF) in 13 patients. Evidence of TB infection was documented in 26 % of children with positive result of tuberculin skin test. Mycobacterium TB was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF in 23% of children. The mortality rate was 19% which mostly occured in children with meningitis (60%). Conclusion: EPTB was commonly seen in older children, and tuberculous meningitis was both the most common type and cause of death of EPTB in our setting.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_10_18characteristicchildextrapulmonary tuberculosisoutcome
spellingShingle Rina Triasih
Riana Helmi
Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine
characteristic
child
extrapulmonary tuberculosis
outcome
title Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
title_full Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
title_fullStr Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
title_short Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
title_sort clinical profile and outcome of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children in indonesia
topic characteristic
child
extrapulmonary tuberculosis
outcome
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_10_18
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