Clinical Profile and Outcome of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Children in Indonesia
Context: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant problem among children in Indonesia. While pulmonary TB has been widely reported, information on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among children in Indonesia has not been well documented. Aims: The aim of this study is to document demographic and clinical characte...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/prcm.prcm_10_18 |
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| Summary: | Context:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant problem among children in Indonesia. While pulmonary TB has been widely reported, information on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among children in Indonesia has not been well documented.
Aims:
The aim of this study is to document demographic and clinical characteristics and outcome of EPTB in children.
Settings and Design:
A retrospective study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Subjects and Methods:
Medical records were reviewed for all children aged younger than 18 years diagnosed with EPTB and admitted to this hospital between 2009 and 2015.
Results:
Fifty-three patients with EPTB were admitted to the hospital during the study period. EPTB was more common in children aged >5 years, with median (interquartile range) age of presentation at 12.5 years (4.1–14.7 years). Major presenting symptoms were fever (72%), cough (55%), and weight loss (38%). Common types of EPTB were meningitis (28%), miliary TB (23%), and osteoarthritis (20%). The diagnosis was confirmed by either acid-fast bacilli smear or GeneXpert MTB/rifampicin (RIF) in 13 patients. Evidence of TB infection was documented in 26 % of children with positive result of tuberculin skin test. Mycobacterium TB was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF in 23% of children. The mortality rate was 19% which mostly occured in children with meningitis (60%).
Conclusion:
EPTB was commonly seen in older children, and tuberculous meningitis was both the most common type and cause of death of EPTB in our setting. |
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| ISSN: | 2543-0343 2543-0351 |