Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a prevalent healthcare-associated infection worldwide, defined as any incisional infection occurring within 30 days post-operation or within 1 year in the presence of an implant. Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant threat to patient h...

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Main Authors: Anna N. Haifete, Petra Brysiewicz
Format: Article
Language:Afrikaans
Published: AOSIS 2025-07-01
Series:Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
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Online Access:https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2930
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author Anna N. Haifete
Petra Brysiewicz
author_facet Anna N. Haifete
Petra Brysiewicz
author_sort Anna N. Haifete
collection DOAJ
description Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a prevalent healthcare-associated infection worldwide, defined as any incisional infection occurring within 30 days post-operation or within 1 year in the presence of an implant. Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant threat to patient health and continue to pose a major global challenge. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify associated factors among patients in surgical wards who have undergone surgical procedures in Windhoek, Namibia. Setting: This study was conducted in two state hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, hospital-based cross-sectional design, utilising a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgical procedures between March 2019 and February 2021. Results: The overall prevalence of SSI was 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 8.4% – 11.8%). Hospitals 1 and 2 had a prevalence of 11.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Factors associated with SSIs were found to be age groups 31–60 years, male patients, postoperative hospital stays ≥ 5 days, emergency surgery, abdominal and lower extremity surgeries, operation referred from other hospitals, previous history of surgery, 1 h–2 h duration of surgery and deceased patients. Diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, cancer, malignancy and multiple comorbidities were also noted to increase the risk of SSIs. Conclusion: The prevalence of SSI in this study remains high, and therefore, context-based interventions should focus on the factors identified to guide the effective management of patients. Contribution: This study provides evidence to improve surgical site infections in Namibia.
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language Afrikaans
publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
spelling doaj-art-89c957b9780042b7b3953df45ee9adff2025-08-20T02:59:58ZafrAOSISHealth SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences1025-98482071-97362025-07-01300e1e810.4102/hsag.v30i0.29301288Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, NamibiaAnna N. Haifete0Petra Brysiewicz1School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa School of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, WindhoekSchool of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, DurbanBackground: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a prevalent healthcare-associated infection worldwide, defined as any incisional infection occurring within 30 days post-operation or within 1 year in the presence of an implant. Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant threat to patient health and continue to pose a major global challenge. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify associated factors among patients in surgical wards who have undergone surgical procedures in Windhoek, Namibia. Setting: This study was conducted in two state hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia. Methods: This study employed a quantitative, hospital-based cross-sectional design, utilising a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgical procedures between March 2019 and February 2021. Results: The overall prevalence of SSI was 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 8.4% – 11.8%). Hospitals 1 and 2 had a prevalence of 11.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Factors associated with SSIs were found to be age groups 31–60 years, male patients, postoperative hospital stays ≥ 5 days, emergency surgery, abdominal and lower extremity surgeries, operation referred from other hospitals, previous history of surgery, 1 h–2 h duration of surgery and deceased patients. Diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, cancer, malignancy and multiple comorbidities were also noted to increase the risk of SSIs. Conclusion: The prevalence of SSI in this study remains high, and therefore, context-based interventions should focus on the factors identified to guide the effective management of patients. Contribution: This study provides evidence to improve surgical site infections in Namibia.https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2930prevalencesurgical site infectionsurgical in-patientssurgical wardsnamibia
spellingShingle Anna N. Haifete
Petra Brysiewicz
Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
Health SA Gesondheid: Journal of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences
prevalence
surgical site infection
surgical in-patients
surgical wards
namibia
title Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
title_full Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
title_fullStr Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
title_short Prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards, Windhoek, Namibia
title_sort prevalence and factors of surgical site infections in surgical wards windhoek namibia
topic prevalence
surgical site infection
surgical in-patients
surgical wards
namibia
url https://hsag.co.za/index.php/hsag/article/view/2930
work_keys_str_mv AT annanhaifete prevalenceandfactorsofsurgicalsiteinfectionsinsurgicalwardswindhoeknamibia
AT petrabrysiewicz prevalenceandfactorsofsurgicalsiteinfectionsinsurgicalwardswindhoeknamibia