Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa

ABSTRACT Reproductive traits that mediate differential fitness associated with mate acquisition and fertilisation success are often strongly linked to the overall condition. We investigated the effects of resource quality and parental provisioning in the phenotypic expression of sexual and non‐sexua...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sean Yap, Kai Xin Toh, Nalini Puniamoorthy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-10-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70421
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850132386838216704
author Sean Yap
Kai Xin Toh
Nalini Puniamoorthy
author_facet Sean Yap
Kai Xin Toh
Nalini Puniamoorthy
author_sort Sean Yap
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Reproductive traits that mediate differential fitness associated with mate acquisition and fertilisation success are often strongly linked to the overall condition. We investigated the effects of resource quality and parental provisioning in the phenotypic expression of sexual and non‐sexual traits in a rainforest dung beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa (Eschscholtz, 1822) from Singapore. F1 individuals were reared from wild‐caught beetles and paired up to produce offspring (F2), and F2 larvae from the same F1 parents were reared on two dung substrates (herbivore and omnivore) in a full‐sib design. Sexual traits displayed greater phenotypic variation in response to dung resource quality, with the precopulatory trait (horn length) responding more than the postcopulatory trait (testes weight). Notably, genotype‐by‐environment interactions between parental lines (genotype) and dung type (environment) affected male body size and horn length only, suggesting sex‐specific variance in plasticity associated with sexually selected precopulatory traits. Dung type had significant effects on all measured traits. Offspring that were provisioned higher quality resource (omnivore dung) had larger absolute and relative trait values. Parental lines only significantly affected female body size but none of the male traits, suggesting an important role of environment and resource partitioning in determining precopulatory success of male offspring. Parental provisioning of larval resource varied with resource quality and brood sequence. Parents provisioned more dung when herbivore dung was presented than when they were given omnivore dung and provisioned more dung for their earlier broods when using herbivore dung but not omnivore dung. This suggests a trade‐off between early offspring fitness and resource quality. We tested directly for genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions in the expression of several morphological traits relevant to dung beetle fitness and documented that offspring with similar phenotypes may result from completely different parental resource allocation strategies. We discuss the importance of studying parental investment on trait variation and its implications on dung beetle ecology.
format Article
id doaj-art-89c134a4f3494663a68fcbed46fc071e
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-7758
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Ecology and Evolution
spelling doaj-art-89c134a4f3494663a68fcbed46fc071e2025-08-20T02:32:14ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-10-011410n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70421Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussaSean Yap0Kai Xin Toh1Nalini Puniamoorthy2Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore SingaporeDepartment of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore SingaporeABSTRACT Reproductive traits that mediate differential fitness associated with mate acquisition and fertilisation success are often strongly linked to the overall condition. We investigated the effects of resource quality and parental provisioning in the phenotypic expression of sexual and non‐sexual traits in a rainforest dung beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa (Eschscholtz, 1822) from Singapore. F1 individuals were reared from wild‐caught beetles and paired up to produce offspring (F2), and F2 larvae from the same F1 parents were reared on two dung substrates (herbivore and omnivore) in a full‐sib design. Sexual traits displayed greater phenotypic variation in response to dung resource quality, with the precopulatory trait (horn length) responding more than the postcopulatory trait (testes weight). Notably, genotype‐by‐environment interactions between parental lines (genotype) and dung type (environment) affected male body size and horn length only, suggesting sex‐specific variance in plasticity associated with sexually selected precopulatory traits. Dung type had significant effects on all measured traits. Offspring that were provisioned higher quality resource (omnivore dung) had larger absolute and relative trait values. Parental lines only significantly affected female body size but none of the male traits, suggesting an important role of environment and resource partitioning in determining precopulatory success of male offspring. Parental provisioning of larval resource varied with resource quality and brood sequence. Parents provisioned more dung when herbivore dung was presented than when they were given omnivore dung and provisioned more dung for their earlier broods when using herbivore dung but not omnivore dung. This suggests a trade‐off between early offspring fitness and resource quality. We tested directly for genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions in the expression of several morphological traits relevant to dung beetle fitness and documented that offspring with similar phenotypes may result from completely different parental resource allocation strategies. We discuss the importance of studying parental investment on trait variation and its implications on dung beetle ecology.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70421condition dependencelarval food qualityparental provisioningphenotypic plasticityreproductive evolutionsexual selection
spellingShingle Sean Yap
Kai Xin Toh
Nalini Puniamoorthy
Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
Ecology and Evolution
condition dependence
larval food quality
parental provisioning
phenotypic plasticity
reproductive evolution
sexual selection
title Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
title_full Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
title_fullStr Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
title_full_unstemmed Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
title_short Male Reproductive Traits Display Increased Phenotypic Variation in Response to Resource Quality and Parental Provisioning in a Tropical Rainforest Dung Beetle, Onthophagus c.f. babirussa
title_sort male reproductive traits display increased phenotypic variation in response to resource quality and parental provisioning in a tropical rainforest dung beetle onthophagus c f babirussa
topic condition dependence
larval food quality
parental provisioning
phenotypic plasticity
reproductive evolution
sexual selection
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70421
work_keys_str_mv AT seanyap malereproductivetraitsdisplayincreasedphenotypicvariationinresponsetoresourcequalityandparentalprovisioninginatropicalrainforestdungbeetleonthophaguscfbabirussa
AT kaixintoh malereproductivetraitsdisplayincreasedphenotypicvariationinresponsetoresourcequalityandparentalprovisioninginatropicalrainforestdungbeetleonthophaguscfbabirussa
AT nalinipuniamoorthy malereproductivetraitsdisplayincreasedphenotypicvariationinresponsetoresourcequalityandparentalprovisioninginatropicalrainforestdungbeetleonthophaguscfbabirussa