Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected

Background: Change of direction (COD) and sprint abilities are essential in soccer, while reactive agility involves decision-making and perceptual/cognitive skills. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sprint speed, COD, and reactive agility in U12 soccer players. Methods: Thirty-th...

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Main Authors: Mohamed Amine Ltifi, Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Ridha Aouadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7380
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author Mohamed Amine Ltifi
Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Ridha Aouadi
author_facet Mohamed Amine Ltifi
Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Ridha Aouadi
author_sort Mohamed Amine Ltifi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Change of direction (COD) and sprint abilities are essential in soccer, while reactive agility involves decision-making and perceptual/cognitive skills. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sprint speed, COD, and reactive agility in U12 soccer players. Methods: Thirty-three male players (age 10.40 ± 0.32 years) completed sprint tests (5 m, 10 m, 15 m), the Modified Agility T-Test (MAT), and the Y-Shaped Reactive Agility (Y-RSA) test, across two sessions. Results: The sprint, COD, and reactive agility tests showed high reliability. The Y-RSA test demonstrated strong reliability in regard to the initial sprint, COD-phase time, and total time. Significant correlations were found between sprint, COD, and reactive agility metrics. The sprint times were positively associated with the MAT and reactive agility times (e.g., sprint 15 m vs. total Y-RSA time: r = 0.740, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The smallest worthwhile changes (SWCs) indicated that these tests effectively detect performance improvements. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant correlations between sprint speed, change of direction, and reactive agility in U12 soccer players, with the 15 m sprint showing the strongest association with reactive agility. These findings support the combined use of physical and perceptual/cognitive assessments to better inform soccer-specific training and evaluate the performance of youth players.
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spelling doaj-art-89bd24c4f5134dcdbed524eb6e99031e2025-08-20T02:35:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513738010.3390/app15137380Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are InterconnectedMohamed Amine Ltifi0Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene1Nicola Luigi Bragazzi2Ridha Aouadi3Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) «Sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, TunisiaResearch Laboratory (LR23JS01) «Sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, TunisiaLaboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaResearch Laboratory (LR23JS01) «Sport Performance, Health & Society», Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, TunisiaBackground: Change of direction (COD) and sprint abilities are essential in soccer, while reactive agility involves decision-making and perceptual/cognitive skills. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sprint speed, COD, and reactive agility in U12 soccer players. Methods: Thirty-three male players (age 10.40 ± 0.32 years) completed sprint tests (5 m, 10 m, 15 m), the Modified Agility T-Test (MAT), and the Y-Shaped Reactive Agility (Y-RSA) test, across two sessions. Results: The sprint, COD, and reactive agility tests showed high reliability. The Y-RSA test demonstrated strong reliability in regard to the initial sprint, COD-phase time, and total time. Significant correlations were found between sprint, COD, and reactive agility metrics. The sprint times were positively associated with the MAT and reactive agility times (e.g., sprint 15 m vs. total Y-RSA time: r = 0.740, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The smallest worthwhile changes (SWCs) indicated that these tests effectively detect performance improvements. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant correlations between sprint speed, change of direction, and reactive agility in U12 soccer players, with the 15 m sprint showing the strongest association with reactive agility. These findings support the combined use of physical and perceptual/cognitive assessments to better inform soccer-specific training and evaluate the performance of youth players.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7380correlationperformance assessmentlinear sprintchange of directionperformance assessmentvisual stimulus
spellingShingle Mohamed Amine Ltifi
Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Ridha Aouadi
Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
Applied Sciences
correlation
performance assessment
linear sprint
change of direction
performance assessment
visual stimulus
title Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
title_full Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
title_fullStr Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
title_full_unstemmed Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
title_short Interdependent Development of Physical and Cognitive Skills in U12 Soccer Players: Sprinting, Agility, and Decision-Making Are Interconnected
title_sort interdependent development of physical and cognitive skills in u12 soccer players sprinting agility and decision making are interconnected
topic correlation
performance assessment
linear sprint
change of direction
performance assessment
visual stimulus
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7380
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AT nicolaluigibragazzi interdependentdevelopmentofphysicalandcognitiveskillsinu12soccerplayerssprintingagilityanddecisionmakingareinterconnected
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