Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention

Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is a critical task in modern communication systems, enabling applications such as cognitive radio, spectrum monitoring, and IoT networks. This paper proposes ICRNNA, a novel deep learning model that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Bidirectional...

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Main Authors: Noureddine El-Haryqy, Anass Kharbouche, Hamza Ouamna, Zhour Madini, Younes Zouine
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008606
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author Noureddine El-Haryqy
Anass Kharbouche
Hamza Ouamna
Zhour Madini
Younes Zouine
author_facet Noureddine El-Haryqy
Anass Kharbouche
Hamza Ouamna
Zhour Madini
Younes Zouine
author_sort Noureddine El-Haryqy
collection DOAJ
description Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is a critical task in modern communication systems, enabling applications such as cognitive radio, spectrum monitoring, and IoT networks. This paper proposes ICRNNA, a novel deep learning model that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, and an attention mechanism to achieve state-of-the-art performance in AMR tasks. The proposed model is evaluated on the RadioML2016.10a and RadioML2016.10b datasets, demonstrating superior accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness, particularly in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments. Through extensive ablation studies, we highlight the contributions of each component, showing that the combination of CNNs, BiLSTMs, and attention mechanisms significantly enhances performance. Comparative experiments against state-of-the-art models, including ResNet, MCLDNN, and CNN-BiLSTM-DNN, reveal that ICRNNA achieves the highest accuracy (63.24% on RadioML2016.10a and 65.39% on RadioML2016.10b) and outperforms baseline models in computational efficiency, with only 48.42 MFLOPs and 0.79 million parameters. The results underscore the model's suitability for real-time applications in dynamic and noisy environments. This work advances the field of AMR by providing a robust, efficient, and high-performing solution for modern communication systems.
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spelling doaj-art-89bca6106e6144159964bd918625f0242025-08-20T02:08:27ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610478310.1016/j.rineng.2025.104783Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attentionNoureddine El-Haryqy0Anass Kharbouche1Hamza Ouamna2Zhour Madini3Younes Zouine4Corresponding author.; Department Electrical and Telecommunication, Laboratory of Advanced Systems Engineering (ISA), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, 14000, MoroccoDepartment Electrical and Telecommunication, Laboratory of Advanced Systems Engineering (ISA), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, 14000, MoroccoDepartment Electrical and Telecommunication, Laboratory of Advanced Systems Engineering (ISA), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, 14000, MoroccoDepartment Electrical and Telecommunication, Laboratory of Advanced Systems Engineering (ISA), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, 14000, MoroccoDepartment Electrical and Telecommunication, Laboratory of Advanced Systems Engineering (ISA), National School of Applied Sciences (ENSA), Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, 14000, MoroccoAutomatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is a critical task in modern communication systems, enabling applications such as cognitive radio, spectrum monitoring, and IoT networks. This paper proposes ICRNNA, a novel deep learning model that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, and an attention mechanism to achieve state-of-the-art performance in AMR tasks. The proposed model is evaluated on the RadioML2016.10a and RadioML2016.10b datasets, demonstrating superior accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness, particularly in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments. Through extensive ablation studies, we highlight the contributions of each component, showing that the combination of CNNs, BiLSTMs, and attention mechanisms significantly enhances performance. Comparative experiments against state-of-the-art models, including ResNet, MCLDNN, and CNN-BiLSTM-DNN, reveal that ICRNNA achieves the highest accuracy (63.24% on RadioML2016.10a and 65.39% on RadioML2016.10b) and outperforms baseline models in computational efficiency, with only 48.42 MFLOPs and 0.79 million parameters. The results underscore the model's suitability for real-time applications in dynamic and noisy environments. This work advances the field of AMR by providing a robust, efficient, and high-performing solution for modern communication systems.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008606Automatic modulation recognitionBidirectional long short-term memory networksConvolutional neural networksDeep learningEnhanced attention mechanismSignal-to-noise ratio
spellingShingle Noureddine El-Haryqy
Anass Kharbouche
Hamza Ouamna
Zhour Madini
Younes Zouine
Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
Results in Engineering
Automatic modulation recognition
Bidirectional long short-term memory networks
Convolutional neural networks
Deep learning
Enhanced attention mechanism
Signal-to-noise ratio
title Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
title_full Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
title_fullStr Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
title_full_unstemmed Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
title_short Improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
title_sort improved automatic modulation recognition using deep learning with additive attention
topic Automatic modulation recognition
Bidirectional long short-term memory networks
Convolutional neural networks
Deep learning
Enhanced attention mechanism
Signal-to-noise ratio
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008606
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