Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans

This study evaluated the feasibility of utilizing a continuous glucose monitors (CGM) designed for use in humans to measure glucose levels in sheep. Four Suffolk x Dorset sheep were fitted with jugular catheters and FreeStyle Libre 2 (Abbott®) glucose monitors. Glucose concentration from the CGM wer...

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Main Authors: Barbara Roqueto dos Reis, Ryan K. Wright, Riley Thompson, Nikki Tabatabai, Katherine Amirault, Sathya Sujani, Robin R. White
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1458044/full
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author Barbara Roqueto dos Reis
Ryan K. Wright
Riley Thompson
Nikki Tabatabai
Katherine Amirault
Sathya Sujani
Robin R. White
author_facet Barbara Roqueto dos Reis
Ryan K. Wright
Riley Thompson
Nikki Tabatabai
Katherine Amirault
Sathya Sujani
Robin R. White
author_sort Barbara Roqueto dos Reis
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluated the feasibility of utilizing a continuous glucose monitors (CGM) designed for use in humans to measure glucose levels in sheep. Four Suffolk x Dorset sheep were fitted with jugular catheters and FreeStyle Libre 2 (Abbott®) glucose monitors. Glucose concentration from the CGM were compared with those from a glucometer and traditional assays during a hyperglycemic clamp, aiming to explore a broader range of physiological glucose concentrations in a controlled manner. Measurements were taken every five minutes during the infusion and every ten minutes post-infusion until baseline levels were restored. Relationships were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with glucometer readings as the response variables, GCM reading as fixed effects, and animal as random effect with significant level of p < 0.05. The results demonstrated a significant linear correlation between the CGM and glucometer readings both during the infusion (p = 0.0003) and afterward (p = 0.006). A glucose calorimetric test was used to confirm glucose concentrations on samples and used as gold standard. Although the glucometer and CGM did not differ from the assay method, they did differ from one another (p = 0.045). Upon more in-depth analysis, the random intercepts for animal were highly significant and one CGM showed values numerically much higher than other CGM and other glucose analysis methods. No difference among methods was observed (p = 0.715) when the outlier animal was omitted. While promising, CGM demands confirmation of initial readings and standardization against established methods before wider adoption in research or clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-89b8713ff69f44beae01b41e4f408b472025-08-20T02:14:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-11-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14580441458044Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humansBarbara Roqueto dos Reis0Ryan K. Wright1Riley Thompson2Nikki Tabatabai3Katherine Amirault4Sathya Sujani5Robin R. White6White Sand Research Unit, Mississippi State University, Poplarville, MS, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesThis study evaluated the feasibility of utilizing a continuous glucose monitors (CGM) designed for use in humans to measure glucose levels in sheep. Four Suffolk x Dorset sheep were fitted with jugular catheters and FreeStyle Libre 2 (Abbott®) glucose monitors. Glucose concentration from the CGM were compared with those from a glucometer and traditional assays during a hyperglycemic clamp, aiming to explore a broader range of physiological glucose concentrations in a controlled manner. Measurements were taken every five minutes during the infusion and every ten minutes post-infusion until baseline levels were restored. Relationships were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with glucometer readings as the response variables, GCM reading as fixed effects, and animal as random effect with significant level of p < 0.05. The results demonstrated a significant linear correlation between the CGM and glucometer readings both during the infusion (p = 0.0003) and afterward (p = 0.006). A glucose calorimetric test was used to confirm glucose concentrations on samples and used as gold standard. Although the glucometer and CGM did not differ from the assay method, they did differ from one another (p = 0.045). Upon more in-depth analysis, the random intercepts for animal were highly significant and one CGM showed values numerically much higher than other CGM and other glucose analysis methods. No difference among methods was observed (p = 0.715) when the outlier animal was omitted. While promising, CGM demands confirmation of initial readings and standardization against established methods before wider adoption in research or clinical applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1458044/fullsheepglucose infusionglucose tolerance testglucometernoninvasive glucose measurement
spellingShingle Barbara Roqueto dos Reis
Ryan K. Wright
Riley Thompson
Nikki Tabatabai
Katherine Amirault
Sathya Sujani
Robin R. White
Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
sheep
glucose infusion
glucose tolerance test
glucometer
noninvasive glucose measurement
title Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
title_full Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
title_fullStr Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
title_full_unstemmed Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
title_short Glucose measurements in sheep using a long-term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
title_sort glucose measurements in sheep using a long term continuous glucose monitor designed for humans
topic sheep
glucose infusion
glucose tolerance test
glucometer
noninvasive glucose measurement
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1458044/full
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