Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations
Abstract This study delves into the development and optimization of photocatalysts, namely ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite, for the degradation of two beta-blocker drugs, including Atenolol (AT) and Metoprolol (ME). Structural and morphological analyses of the catalysts were conducted, and opti...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73888-6 |
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| author | Sara Sarabyar Afshin Farahbakhsh Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri Susan Khosroyar |
| author_facet | Sara Sarabyar Afshin Farahbakhsh Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri Susan Khosroyar |
| author_sort | Sara Sarabyar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study delves into the development and optimization of photocatalysts, namely ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite, for the degradation of two beta-blocker drugs, including Atenolol (AT) and Metoprolol (ME). Structural and morphological analyses of the catalysts were conducted, and optimal conditions for drug degradation were determined using a Box-Behnken design. The results underscored the significant influence of pH, catalyst amount, drug concentration, and H2O2 concentration on the degradation process using ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as the catalysts. The optimal values of drug concentration, pH, catalyst amount, and H2O2 concentration, were determined to be 32 and 33 mg L−1, 4.2 and 4.6, 428 and 386 mg, and 2.6 and 2.5 mM utilizing ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as the catalyst, respectively. Following optimization, the kinetics of the photodegradation process were investigated, revealing promising rates and half-life times for both drugs. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for Atenolol and Metoprolol degradation were 0.064 ± 0.007 min−1 and 0.065 ± 0.004 min−1 with ZnO NPs/Zeolite and 0.071 ± 0.007 min−1 and 0.071 ± 0.006 min−1 with TiO2 NPs/Zeolite, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite demonstrated reusability up to 5 and 6 times, respectively, without significant activity loss. The comparative analysis highlighted the superior performance of TiO2 NPs/Zeolite over ZnO NPs/Zeolite, attributed to lower consumption, shorter degradation time, improved reusability, and compatibility with milder acidic conditions. Overall, the research showcases the potential of ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as an effective and sustainable solution for removing Metoprolol and Atenolol contaminants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-89a789aabc024d5380f0ade83eaf12b9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-89a789aabc024d5380f0ade83eaf12b92025-08-20T02:13:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111810.1038/s41598-024-73888-6Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigationsSara Sarabyar0Afshin Farahbakhsh1Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi2Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri3Susan Khosroyar4Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract This study delves into the development and optimization of photocatalysts, namely ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite, for the degradation of two beta-blocker drugs, including Atenolol (AT) and Metoprolol (ME). Structural and morphological analyses of the catalysts were conducted, and optimal conditions for drug degradation were determined using a Box-Behnken design. The results underscored the significant influence of pH, catalyst amount, drug concentration, and H2O2 concentration on the degradation process using ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as the catalysts. The optimal values of drug concentration, pH, catalyst amount, and H2O2 concentration, were determined to be 32 and 33 mg L−1, 4.2 and 4.6, 428 and 386 mg, and 2.6 and 2.5 mM utilizing ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as the catalyst, respectively. Following optimization, the kinetics of the photodegradation process were investigated, revealing promising rates and half-life times for both drugs. The pseudo-first-order rate constants for Atenolol and Metoprolol degradation were 0.064 ± 0.007 min−1 and 0.065 ± 0.004 min−1 with ZnO NPs/Zeolite and 0.071 ± 0.007 min−1 and 0.071 ± 0.006 min−1 with TiO2 NPs/Zeolite, respectively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite demonstrated reusability up to 5 and 6 times, respectively, without significant activity loss. The comparative analysis highlighted the superior performance of TiO2 NPs/Zeolite over ZnO NPs/Zeolite, attributed to lower consumption, shorter degradation time, improved reusability, and compatibility with milder acidic conditions. Overall, the research showcases the potential of ZnO NPs/Zeolite and TiO2 NPs/Zeolite as an effective and sustainable solution for removing Metoprolol and Atenolol contaminants.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73888-6Photodegradation methodBeta-blocker drugsZnO NPs/zeolite compositeTiO2 NPs/zeolite compositeBox-Behnken design |
| spellingShingle | Sara Sarabyar Afshin Farahbakhsh Hamzeh Ali Tahmasebi Behrooz Mahmoodzadeh Vaziri Susan Khosroyar Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations Scientific Reports Photodegradation method Beta-blocker drugs ZnO NPs/zeolite composite TiO2 NPs/zeolite composite Box-Behnken design |
| title | Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations |
| title_full | Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations |
| title_short | Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta-blocker drugs using TiO2 NPs/zeolite and ZnO NPs/zeolite as photocatalysts: optimization and kinetic investigations |
| title_sort | enhancing photocatalytic degradation of beta blocker drugs using tio2 nps zeolite and zno nps zeolite as photocatalysts optimization and kinetic investigations |
| topic | Photodegradation method Beta-blocker drugs ZnO NPs/zeolite composite TiO2 NPs/zeolite composite Box-Behnken design |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73888-6 |
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