Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation

The burgeoning global silage industry has precipitated challenges related to the sustainable utilization of mycotoxin-contaminated silage. To understand the effect of bio-enhancement on lignocellulose degradation and mycotoxin reduction, mycotoxin-contaminated silage and rape straw were co-composted...

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Main Authors: Cheng Chen, Xiaolong Tang, Chaosheng Liao, Xiaokang Huang, Mingjie Zhang, Yubo Zhang, Pan Wang, Siqi Yang, Ping Li, Chao Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/677
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author Cheng Chen
Xiaolong Tang
Chaosheng Liao
Xiaokang Huang
Mingjie Zhang
Yubo Zhang
Pan Wang
Siqi Yang
Ping Li
Chao Chen
author_facet Cheng Chen
Xiaolong Tang
Chaosheng Liao
Xiaokang Huang
Mingjie Zhang
Yubo Zhang
Pan Wang
Siqi Yang
Ping Li
Chao Chen
author_sort Cheng Chen
collection DOAJ
description The burgeoning global silage industry has precipitated challenges related to the sustainable utilization of mycotoxin-contaminated silage. To understand the effect of bio-enhancement on lignocellulose degradation and mycotoxin reduction, mycotoxin-contaminated silage and rape straw were co-composted without (CK) or with different bacterial agents and their combinations. Compared to CK, the inoculation of <i>Weissella paramesenteroides</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> could increase the degradation rate of cellulose by 39.24% and lignin by 22.31% after composting. Inoculation of <i>W. paramesenteroides</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. significantly enhanced cellulose and lignin degradation rates by 26.75% and 15.48%, respectively. Furthermore, this treatment significantly reduced mycotoxin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), including Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 64.48% reduction), T-2 toxin (65.02%), Ochratoxin A (OTA, 61.30%), Zearalenone (ZEN, 67.67%), and Vomitoxin (DON, 48.33%). Inoculation with <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. and other bacteria increased total nitrogen by 48.34–65.52% through enhancing microbiological activity. Therefore, <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. in combination with other bacteria could increase compost efficiency and reduce mycotoxin presence for better and safer utilization of agricultural waste by-products, enabling faster conversion of contaminated silage into safe soil amendments, which could reduce agricultural waste management costs.
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spelling doaj-art-899e4889cafc40d1abba038769cfeaef2025-08-20T01:48:57ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113367710.3390/microorganisms13030677Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial InoculationCheng Chen0Xiaolong Tang1Chaosheng Liao2Xiaokang Huang3Mingjie Zhang4Yubo Zhang5Pan Wang6Siqi Yang7Ping Li8Chao Chen9College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaThe burgeoning global silage industry has precipitated challenges related to the sustainable utilization of mycotoxin-contaminated silage. To understand the effect of bio-enhancement on lignocellulose degradation and mycotoxin reduction, mycotoxin-contaminated silage and rape straw were co-composted without (CK) or with different bacterial agents and their combinations. Compared to CK, the inoculation of <i>Weissella paramesenteroides</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> could increase the degradation rate of cellulose by 39.24% and lignin by 22.31% after composting. Inoculation of <i>W. paramesenteroides</i> and <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. significantly enhanced cellulose and lignin degradation rates by 26.75% and 15.48%, respectively. Furthermore, this treatment significantly reduced mycotoxin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), including Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 64.48% reduction), T-2 toxin (65.02%), Ochratoxin A (OTA, 61.30%), Zearalenone (ZEN, 67.67%), and Vomitoxin (DON, 48.33%). Inoculation with <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. and other bacteria increased total nitrogen by 48.34–65.52% through enhancing microbiological activity. Therefore, <i>Paenibacillus</i> sp. in combination with other bacteria could increase compost efficiency and reduce mycotoxin presence for better and safer utilization of agricultural waste by-products, enabling faster conversion of contaminated silage into safe soil amendments, which could reduce agricultural waste management costs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/677mycotoxin-contaminated silagemycotoxinsco-compostingbacterial agents
spellingShingle Cheng Chen
Xiaolong Tang
Chaosheng Liao
Xiaokang Huang
Mingjie Zhang
Yubo Zhang
Pan Wang
Siqi Yang
Ping Li
Chao Chen
Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
Microorganisms
mycotoxin-contaminated silage
mycotoxins
co-composting
bacterial agents
title Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
title_full Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
title_fullStr Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
title_short Enhancing Lignocellulose Degradation and Mycotoxin Reduction in Co-Composting with Bacterial Inoculation
title_sort enhancing lignocellulose degradation and mycotoxin reduction in co composting with bacterial inoculation
topic mycotoxin-contaminated silage
mycotoxins
co-composting
bacterial agents
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/677
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