Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification
Calcium based catalysts have been studied as promising heterogeneous catalysts for production of methyl esters via transesterification; however a few were explored on catalyst synthesis with high surface area, less particle size, and Ca leaching analysis. In this work, an active Razor shell CaO with...
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489218 |
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| author | A. N. R. Reddy A. A. Saleh M. S. Islam S. Hamdan |
| author_facet | A. N. R. Reddy A. A. Saleh M. S. Islam S. Hamdan |
| author_sort | A. N. R. Reddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calcium based catalysts have been studied as promising heterogeneous catalysts for production of methyl esters via transesterification; however a few were explored on catalyst synthesis with high surface area, less particle size, and Ca leaching analysis. In this work, an active Razor shell CaO with crystalline size of 87.2 nm, SBET of 92.63 m2/g, pore diameters of 37.311 nm, and pore volume of 0.613 cc/g was synthesized by a green technique “calcination-hydro aeration-dehydration.” Spectrographic techniques TGA/DTA, FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET&BJH, and PSA were employed for characterization and surface morphology of CaO. Two-step transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil was performed to evaluate CaO catalytic activity. A five-factor-five-level, two-block, half factorial, central composite design based response surface method was employed for experimental analysis and optimization of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) yield. The regression model adequacy ascertained thru coefficient of determination (R2: 95.81%). A JME yield of 98.80% was noted at C (3.10 wt.%), M (54.24 mol./mol.%), T (127.87 min), H (51.31°C), and R (612 rpm). The amount of Ca leached to JME during 1st and 4th reuse cycles was 1.43 ppm ± 0.11 and 4.25 ppm ± 0.21, respectively. Higher leaching of Ca, 6.67 ppm ± 1.09, was found from the 5th reuse cycle due to higher dispersion of Ca2+; consequently JME yield reduces to 76.40%. The JME fuel properties were studied according to biodiesel standards EN 14214 and comply to use as green biodiesel. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8991c2b43d214420a4a04e7c4c1d82cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-8991c2b43d214420a4a04e7c4c1d82cc2025-08-20T03:38:02ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712017-01-01201710.1155/2017/14892181489218Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step TransesterificationA. N. R. Reddy0A. A. Saleh1M. S. Islam2S. Hamdan3Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology, Qadirabad Cantonment, Natore 6431, BangladeshDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MalaysiaCalcium based catalysts have been studied as promising heterogeneous catalysts for production of methyl esters via transesterification; however a few were explored on catalyst synthesis with high surface area, less particle size, and Ca leaching analysis. In this work, an active Razor shell CaO with crystalline size of 87.2 nm, SBET of 92.63 m2/g, pore diameters of 37.311 nm, and pore volume of 0.613 cc/g was synthesized by a green technique “calcination-hydro aeration-dehydration.” Spectrographic techniques TGA/DTA, FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET&BJH, and PSA were employed for characterization and surface morphology of CaO. Two-step transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil was performed to evaluate CaO catalytic activity. A five-factor-five-level, two-block, half factorial, central composite design based response surface method was employed for experimental analysis and optimization of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) yield. The regression model adequacy ascertained thru coefficient of determination (R2: 95.81%). A JME yield of 98.80% was noted at C (3.10 wt.%), M (54.24 mol./mol.%), T (127.87 min), H (51.31°C), and R (612 rpm). The amount of Ca leached to JME during 1st and 4th reuse cycles was 1.43 ppm ± 0.11 and 4.25 ppm ± 0.21, respectively. Higher leaching of Ca, 6.67 ppm ± 1.09, was found from the 5th reuse cycle due to higher dispersion of Ca2+; consequently JME yield reduces to 76.40%. The JME fuel properties were studied according to biodiesel standards EN 14214 and comply to use as green biodiesel.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489218 |
| spellingShingle | A. N. R. Reddy A. A. Saleh M. S. Islam S. Hamdan Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification |
| title_full | Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification |
| title_fullStr | Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification |
| title_short | Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification |
| title_sort | active razor shell cao catalyst synthesis for jatropha methyl ester production via optimized two step transesterification |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489218 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anrreddy activerazorshellcaocatalystsynthesisforjatrophamethylesterproductionviaoptimizedtwosteptransesterification AT aasaleh activerazorshellcaocatalystsynthesisforjatrophamethylesterproductionviaoptimizedtwosteptransesterification AT msislam activerazorshellcaocatalystsynthesisforjatrophamethylesterproductionviaoptimizedtwosteptransesterification AT shamdan activerazorshellcaocatalystsynthesisforjatrophamethylesterproductionviaoptimizedtwosteptransesterification |