Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach

The carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomeration ecosystems is crucial for enhancing scientific understanding of the carbon cycle and promoting sustainable development to mitigate climate change. However, existing studies on driving factors, particularly regarding determining causal mechanis...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yin Zhang, Weibo Ma, Nan Wang, Lijun Zhao, Qingwu Hu, Shaogang Lei, Haidong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:GIScience & Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2483492
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850281444502405120
author Yin Zhang
Weibo Ma
Nan Wang
Lijun Zhao
Qingwu Hu
Shaogang Lei
Haidong Li
author_facet Yin Zhang
Weibo Ma
Nan Wang
Lijun Zhao
Qingwu Hu
Shaogang Lei
Haidong Li
author_sort Yin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomeration ecosystems is crucial for enhancing scientific understanding of the carbon cycle and promoting sustainable development to mitigate climate change. However, existing studies on driving factors, particularly regarding determining causal mechanisms and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration in urban agglomeration ecosystems remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we propose a CMSC framework which integrates causal inference and machine learning methods to reveal the underlying mechanisms and determine the thresholds of drivers affecting carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA). The underlying driving mechanisms of carbon sequestration were heterogeneous between municipal county and non-municipal county in YRDUA. The thresholds of nighttime light, surface solar radiation downwards, air temperature, total precipitation and population density that impacted carbon sequestration in non-municipal (municipal) counties of YRDUA were 0.04 (0.4) nW·cm−2·sr−1·yr−1, −6.1 × 104 (−5.46 × 104) J·m−2·yr−1, 0.013 (0.017) K·yr−1, 3.64 × 10−5 (2.51 × 10−5) m·yr−1 and −0.04 people·km−2·yr−1, respectively. Furthermore, the long-term (from 2021 to 2100) carbon sequestration dataset with county-level scale in the YRDUA was generated using the causal inference-based machine learning model. In the context of carbon neutrality, we found that the optimal emission scenario for low-carbon sustainable development of YRDUA is SSP3, under which the average carbon sequestration in most counties will exceed 1 × 107 t. Our study provides a constructive basis for a science-based carbon cycle and ecological management in the urban agglomeration of China.
format Article
id doaj-art-898a5ecfe813402d97477336cbe6064e
institution OA Journals
issn 1548-1603
1943-7226
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series GIScience & Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-898a5ecfe813402d97477336cbe6064e2025-08-20T01:48:19ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGIScience & Remote Sensing1548-16031943-72262025-12-0162110.1080/15481603.2025.2483492Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approachYin Zhang0Weibo Ma1Nan Wang2Lijun Zhao3Qingwu Hu4Shaogang Lei5Haidong Li6Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaThe carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomeration ecosystems is crucial for enhancing scientific understanding of the carbon cycle and promoting sustainable development to mitigate climate change. However, existing studies on driving factors, particularly regarding determining causal mechanisms and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration in urban agglomeration ecosystems remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we propose a CMSC framework which integrates causal inference and machine learning methods to reveal the underlying mechanisms and determine the thresholds of drivers affecting carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA). The underlying driving mechanisms of carbon sequestration were heterogeneous between municipal county and non-municipal county in YRDUA. The thresholds of nighttime light, surface solar radiation downwards, air temperature, total precipitation and population density that impacted carbon sequestration in non-municipal (municipal) counties of YRDUA were 0.04 (0.4) nW·cm−2·sr−1·yr−1, −6.1 × 104 (−5.46 × 104) J·m−2·yr−1, 0.013 (0.017) K·yr−1, 3.64 × 10−5 (2.51 × 10−5) m·yr−1 and −0.04 people·km−2·yr−1, respectively. Furthermore, the long-term (from 2021 to 2100) carbon sequestration dataset with county-level scale in the YRDUA was generated using the causal inference-based machine learning model. In the context of carbon neutrality, we found that the optimal emission scenario for low-carbon sustainable development of YRDUA is SSP3, under which the average carbon sequestration in most counties will exceed 1 × 107 t. Our study provides a constructive basis for a science-based carbon cycle and ecological management in the urban agglomeration of China.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2483492Carbon sequestrationcausal inferencemachine learningdriving factorsthreshold detection
spellingShingle Yin Zhang
Weibo Ma
Nan Wang
Lijun Zhao
Qingwu Hu
Shaogang Lei
Haidong Li
Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
GIScience & Remote Sensing
Carbon sequestration
causal inference
machine learning
driving factors
threshold detection
title Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
title_full Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
title_fullStr Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
title_full_unstemmed Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
title_short Detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
title_sort detection of driving factors and critical thresholds for carbon sequestration capacity in urban agglomerations using a combined causal inference and machine learning approach
topic Carbon sequestration
causal inference
machine learning
driving factors
threshold detection
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15481603.2025.2483492
work_keys_str_mv AT yinzhang detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT weiboma detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT nanwang detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT lijunzhao detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT qingwuhu detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT shaoganglei detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach
AT haidongli detectionofdrivingfactorsandcriticalthresholdsforcarbonsequestrationcapacityinurbanagglomerationsusingacombinedcausalinferenceandmachinelearningapproach