A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group

This numerical study utilizes a validated Plaxis 3D model calibrated against full-scale field tests to investigate the lateral load-sharing mechanism of the pile cap in a 3 × 3 pile group under horizontal loading. Numerical simulations calibrated against full-scale field tests reveal that the pile c...

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Main Authors: Yuanyuan Ren, Zhiwei Chen, Wenbo Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1431
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author Yuanyuan Ren
Zhiwei Chen
Wenbo Zhu
author_facet Yuanyuan Ren
Zhiwei Chen
Wenbo Zhu
author_sort Yuanyuan Ren
collection DOAJ
description This numerical study utilizes a validated Plaxis 3D model calibrated against full-scale field tests to investigate the lateral load-sharing mechanism of the pile cap in a 3 × 3 pile group under horizontal loading. Numerical simulations calibrated against full-scale field tests reveal that the pile cap significantly enhances the lateral bearing capacity while reducing horizontal displacement by an average of 59.5%. The load-sharing ratio of the pile cap decreases from 62% at low loads to 50% at higher loads, with a corresponding increase in pile contributions. The decomposition of the pile cap’s resistance identifies passive earth pressure (<i>P</i><sub>C-E</sub>) as the dominant component (72–80%), followed by base friction (<i>P</i><sub>C-B</sub>, 15–18%) and side friction (<i>P</i><sub>C-S</sub>, 5–12%). According to parametric analyses, increasing the embedment depth (<i>H</i>) from 0.5 m to 3.0 m elevates the pile cap’s load-sharing ratio by approximately 60%, while expanding the cap width (<i>B</i>) from 2.5 m to 3.5 m enhances lateral resistance by increasing the contact area. A power function relationship quantifies the load-sharing ratio (<i>β</i>) as a function of the product of <i>H</i> and <i>B</i>. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing pile cap geometry and improving the design of laterally loaded pile group foundations.
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spelling doaj-art-89886215709e40b5904a7dd79f82cbfb2025-08-20T02:59:14ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-04-01159143110.3390/buildings15091431A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile GroupYuanyuan Ren0Zhiwei Chen1Wenbo Zhu2School of Highway and Railway Engineering, Shaanxi College of Communications Technology, Xi’an 710018, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaThis numerical study utilizes a validated Plaxis 3D model calibrated against full-scale field tests to investigate the lateral load-sharing mechanism of the pile cap in a 3 × 3 pile group under horizontal loading. Numerical simulations calibrated against full-scale field tests reveal that the pile cap significantly enhances the lateral bearing capacity while reducing horizontal displacement by an average of 59.5%. The load-sharing ratio of the pile cap decreases from 62% at low loads to 50% at higher loads, with a corresponding increase in pile contributions. The decomposition of the pile cap’s resistance identifies passive earth pressure (<i>P</i><sub>C-E</sub>) as the dominant component (72–80%), followed by base friction (<i>P</i><sub>C-B</sub>, 15–18%) and side friction (<i>P</i><sub>C-S</sub>, 5–12%). According to parametric analyses, increasing the embedment depth (<i>H</i>) from 0.5 m to 3.0 m elevates the pile cap’s load-sharing ratio by approximately 60%, while expanding the cap width (<i>B</i>) from 2.5 m to 3.5 m enhances lateral resistance by increasing the contact area. A power function relationship quantifies the load-sharing ratio (<i>β</i>) as a function of the product of <i>H</i> and <i>B</i>. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing pile cap geometry and improving the design of laterally loaded pile group foundations.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1431pile cap3 × 3 pile grouphorizontal resistancelateral load sharingfinite element method
spellingShingle Yuanyuan Ren
Zhiwei Chen
Wenbo Zhu
A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
Buildings
pile cap
3 × 3 pile group
horizontal resistance
lateral load sharing
finite element method
title A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
title_full A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
title_fullStr A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
title_full_unstemmed A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
title_short A Numerical Study of the Lateral Load-Sharing Mechanism of the Pile Cap in a 3 × 3 Pile Group
title_sort numerical study of the lateral load sharing mechanism of the pile cap in a 3 3 pile group
topic pile cap
3 × 3 pile group
horizontal resistance
lateral load sharing
finite element method
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/9/1431
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