Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of fructose (Fru) on the polarization of M1 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and its possible mechanism. Methods The experiment was divided into M0 group (THP-1 cells were stimulated with 100 nmol/L phorbol es...

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Main Authors: WANG Minghong, LIU Yubing, WANG Xinhang, LI Han, CHEN Sihong, ZHANG Minhua, PENG Yang, LU Cailing, TANG Shen, LI Xiyi
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Office of Journal of Guangxi Medical University 2025-04-01
Series:Guangxi Yike Daxue xuebao
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Online Access:https://journal.gxmu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2025.02.002
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author WANG Minghong
LIU Yubing
WANG Xinhang
LI Han
CHEN Sihong
ZHANG Minhua
PENG Yang
LU Cailing
TANG Shen
LI Xiyi
author_facet WANG Minghong
LIU Yubing
WANG Xinhang
LI Han
CHEN Sihong
ZHANG Minhua
PENG Yang
LU Cailing
TANG Shen
LI Xiyi
author_sort WANG Minghong
collection DOAJ
description Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of fructose (Fru) on the polarization of M1 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and its possible mechanism. Methods The experiment was divided into M0 group (THP-1 cells were stimulated with 100 nmol/L phorbol esters for 24 h), M1 group (M0 group was stimulated with 10 ng/mL LPS and 20 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h), and M1+5 mmol/ L Fru group (5 mmol/L Fru was added simultaneously with LPS and IFN- γ for 48 h of stimulation). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of polarization markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in M1 macrophages. The activities of glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using a microenzyme activity kit. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits were used to detect intracellular ROS levels. The phagocytic ability of the cells was detected by neutral erythrophagocytosis assay. The mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities were detected by Azulin method. The adenosine triPhosphate (ATP) contents were detected by using an ATP test kit. Results Compared with the M0 group, mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in the M1 group was increased, activities of HK and LDH were increased, mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities and ATP contents were decreased, intracellular ROS production was increased, and phagocytic ability was enhanced (all P < 0.05). Compared with the M1 group, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α and COX-2 in the M1+5 mmol/L Fru group were increased, activities of HK and LDH were increased, mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities and ATP contents were decreased, intracellular ROS production was increased, and phagocytic ability was decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Fructose may promote the glycolysis of M1 macrophages, reduce the level of oxidative phosphorylation, upregulate the expression of polarization related markers of M1 macrophages, promote the production of ROS, and downregulate the phagocytic ability of macrophages, thereby regulating the polarization of M1 macrophages.
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spelling doaj-art-8983bb64ccbe4732a85e7cdf17ebdbeb2025-08-20T01:50:22ZzhoEditorial Office of Journal of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Yike Daxue xuebao1005-930X2025-04-0142216817310.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2025.02.002gxykdxxb-42-2-168Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysisWANG Minghong0LIU Yubing1WANG Xinhang2LI Han3CHEN Sihong4ZHANG Minhua5PENG Yang6LU Cailing7TANG Shen8LI Xiyi9School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, ChinaObjective To investigate the regulatory effect of fructose (Fru) on the polarization of M1 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and its possible mechanism. Methods The experiment was divided into M0 group (THP-1 cells were stimulated with 100 nmol/L phorbol esters for 24 h), M1 group (M0 group was stimulated with 10 ng/mL LPS and 20 ng/mL IFN-γ for 48 h), and M1+5 mmol/ L Fru group (5 mmol/L Fru was added simultaneously with LPS and IFN- γ for 48 h of stimulation). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of polarization markers interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in M1 macrophages. The activities of glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected using a microenzyme activity kit. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) kits were used to detect intracellular ROS levels. The phagocytic ability of the cells was detected by neutral erythrophagocytosis assay. The mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities were detected by Azulin method. The adenosine triPhosphate (ATP) contents were detected by using an ATP test kit. Results Compared with the M0 group, mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in the M1 group was increased, activities of HK and LDH were increased, mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities and ATP contents were decreased, intracellular ROS production was increased, and phagocytic ability was enhanced (all P < 0.05). Compared with the M1 group, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF- α and COX-2 in the M1+5 mmol/L Fru group were increased, activities of HK and LDH were increased, mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolic enzyme activities and ATP contents were decreased, intracellular ROS production was increased, and phagocytic ability was decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Fructose may promote the glycolysis of M1 macrophages, reduce the level of oxidative phosphorylation, upregulate the expression of polarization related markers of M1 macrophages, promote the production of ROS, and downregulate the phagocytic ability of macrophages, thereby regulating the polarization of M1 macrophages.https://journal.gxmu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2025.02.002fructosem1 macrophagesglycolysispolarisationphagocytic ability
spellingShingle WANG Minghong
LIU Yubing
WANG Xinhang
LI Han
CHEN Sihong
ZHANG Minhua
PENG Yang
LU Cailing
TANG Shen
LI Xiyi
Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
Guangxi Yike Daxue xuebao
fructose
m1 macrophages
glycolysis
polarisation
phagocytic ability
title Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
title_full Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
title_fullStr Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
title_full_unstemmed Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
title_short Fructose regulates M1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
title_sort fructose regulates m1 macrophage polarisation by promoting glycolysis
topic fructose
m1 macrophages
glycolysis
polarisation
phagocytic ability
url https://journal.gxmu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.16190/j.cnki.45-1211/r.2025.02.002
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