Policy or Circumstances? A Synthetic Control Method for Evaluating Brazil’s Economic Boom Under Lula

This study empirically examines whether Brazil’s remarkable economic growth from 2003 to 2010 was primarily driven by Lula’s policies or favorable global economic conditions using the Synthetic Control Method—a robust causal inference technique for assessing policy effects when randomized controlled...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jaeho Jung, Kisu Kwon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Economies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/13/7/197
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:This study empirically examines whether Brazil’s remarkable economic growth from 2003 to 2010 was primarily driven by Lula’s policies or favorable global economic conditions using the Synthetic Control Method—a robust causal inference technique for assessing policy effects when randomized controlled trials are infeasible and only one treated unit exists. Our analysis suggests that Brazil’s economic performance was largely attributable to external circumstances, while the policies of Lula’s administration may not have significantly enhanced growth. This study demonstrates the robustness of the results through leave-one-out distribution, the ratio of postintervention-period root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) to preintervention-period RMSPE, and in-space placebo tests.
ISSN:2227-7099