Brochosomes as an antireflective camouflage coating for leafhoppers

In nature, insects face immense predation pressure, where visual cues play a vital role in predators locating them. To counter this threat, insects employ a variety of nano- and microstructures on their cuticular layer to manipulate and interact with light, enhancing antireflective properties and pr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wei Wu, Qianzhuo Mao, Zhuang-Xin Ye, Zhenfeng Liao, Hong-Wei Shan, Jun-Min Li, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Jian-Ping Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-05-01
Series:eLife
Subjects:
Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/99639
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:In nature, insects face immense predation pressure, where visual cues play a vital role in predators locating them. To counter this threat, insects employ a variety of nano- and microstructures on their cuticular layer to manipulate and interact with light, enhancing antireflective properties and providing camouflage or reducing detectability by predators. Leafhoppers have a unique extracuticular coating called brochosome, yet its antireflective functions and protein composition remain unclear. Our study demonstrates strong antireflective properties of brochosomes, effectively reducing reflectance on the cuticle surface, especially in the ultraviolet spectrum, to improve evasion from visual predators. Furthermore, we identify four novel structural proteins of the brochosome (BSM) for the first time. Inhibiting their synthesis by RNAi alters brochosome morphology, impacting the optical properties of the cuticle surface. Evolutionary origin analysis of BSM suggests that brochosomes likely originated from a process involving duplication–divergence. Our study reveals that leafhoppers employ a unique camouflage strategy by secreting brochosomes as antireflection nanocoatings, enabling them to evade natural predators and contributing to their evolutionary success.
ISSN:2050-084X