Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa

Abstract Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services in Africa, yet their extent and fragmentation remain poorly understood. Here we classify African wetlands at 10 m resolution, using seasonal composite imagery and a random forest algorithm. We estimate a total wetland area of 947,750 km² (10% of...

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Main Authors: Sani Idris Garba, Susanna K. Ebmeier, Jean-François Bastin, Danilo Mollicone, Joseph Holden
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59373-2
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author Sani Idris Garba
Susanna K. Ebmeier
Jean-François Bastin
Danilo Mollicone
Joseph Holden
author_facet Sani Idris Garba
Susanna K. Ebmeier
Jean-François Bastin
Danilo Mollicone
Joseph Holden
author_sort Sani Idris Garba
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services in Africa, yet their extent and fragmentation remain poorly understood. Here we classify African wetlands at 10 m resolution, using seasonal composite imagery and a random forest algorithm. We estimate a total wetland area of 947,750 km² (10% of global wetlands), comprising 46% marshes, 25% swamps, 22% peatlands, 5% seasonal wetlands, and 2% mangroves. Wetland fragmentation is strongly associated with high population densities in countries such as Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea, Egypt, Algeria, and Kenya. African wetlands store an estimated 54 ± 11 Gt of carbon, surpassing Europe’s 12–31 Gt. If drained, they could release 260 MtC yr−¹, nearly ten times the carbon sequestration of pristine wetlands (27 MtC yr−¹). These findings provide a crucial foundation for sustainable wetland management and policy development.
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issn 2041-1723
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-894d84bf94b74c93aeb61ae2c4205a862025-08-20T02:03:32ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-59373-2Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across AfricaSani Idris Garba0Susanna K. Ebmeier1Jean-François Bastin2Danilo Mollicone3Joseph Holden4water@leeds, School of Geography, University of LeedsSchool of Earth and Environment, University of LeedsTERRA, Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Université de LiègeFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationswater@leeds, School of Geography, University of LeedsAbstract Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services in Africa, yet their extent and fragmentation remain poorly understood. Here we classify African wetlands at 10 m resolution, using seasonal composite imagery and a random forest algorithm. We estimate a total wetland area of 947,750 km² (10% of global wetlands), comprising 46% marshes, 25% swamps, 22% peatlands, 5% seasonal wetlands, and 2% mangroves. Wetland fragmentation is strongly associated with high population densities in countries such as Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea, Egypt, Algeria, and Kenya. African wetlands store an estimated 54 ± 11 Gt of carbon, surpassing Europe’s 12–31 Gt. If drained, they could release 260 MtC yr−¹, nearly ten times the carbon sequestration of pristine wetlands (27 MtC yr−¹). These findings provide a crucial foundation for sustainable wetland management and policy development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59373-2
spellingShingle Sani Idris Garba
Susanna K. Ebmeier
Jean-François Bastin
Danilo Mollicone
Joseph Holden
Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
Nature Communications
title Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
title_full Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
title_fullStr Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
title_full_unstemmed Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
title_short Wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across Africa
title_sort wetland fragmentation associated with large populations across africa
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59373-2
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