Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study

Introduction and Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinical condition and an important public health problem. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that soft drinks (SD) intake is associated with NAFLD. However, the evidence is inconsistent. Our objective was to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez, Brianda I. Armenta-Guirado, Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre, Yvonne N. Flores, Rafael Velázquez-Cruz, Jorge Salmerón
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Annals of Hepatology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268124003491
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849693575084769280
author Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
Berenice Rivera-Paredez
Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez
Brianda I. Armenta-Guirado
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
Yvonne N. Flores
Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
Jorge Salmerón
author_facet Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
Berenice Rivera-Paredez
Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez
Brianda I. Armenta-Guirado
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
Yvonne N. Flores
Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
Jorge Salmerón
author_sort Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinical condition and an important public health problem. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that soft drinks (SD) intake is associated with NAFLD. However, the evidence is inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the association between SD consumption and the risk of NAFLD in a Mexican adult population. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,759 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS) were included in the analyses. SD intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We classified SD consumption as follows: a) less than 1 serving per week, b) 1 to less than 3.5 servings per week, and c) 3.5 or more servings per week. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was calculated based on sex, BMI, and blood transaminase levels, and was categorized as NAFLD ≥ 36. To assess the relation between SD and NAFLD, we followed two approaches: fixed effects logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and dietary intake, the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) for NAFLD were 1.26 (95 % CI: 1.08, 1.48) for 1 to less than 3.5 servings per week and 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.19, 1.69) for ≥3.5 servings/week category in both sexes. When stratifying the analysis by sex, we observed that the association tended to be greater in men than in women. Conclusions: The results from our prospective study indicate that SD consumption is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD.
format Article
id doaj-art-894cfa2f26614fe4a7d5132e8bc4b847
institution DOAJ
issn 1665-2681
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Annals of Hepatology
spelling doaj-art-894cfa2f26614fe4a7d5132e8bc4b8472025-08-20T03:20:22ZengElsevierAnnals of Hepatology1665-26812025-01-0130110156610.1016/j.aohep.2024.101566Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort studyEdgar Denova-Gutiérrez0Berenice Rivera-Paredez1Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez2Brianda I. Armenta-Guirado3Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre4Yvonne N. Flores5Rafael Velázquez-Cruz6Jorge Salmerón7Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, Mexican National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Corresponding authors.Center for Research in Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Corresponding authors.Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Sonora, MéxicoConsejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías and Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico; UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control Research, and UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, USAGenomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, MexicoCenter for Research in Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, MexicoIntroduction and Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinical condition and an important public health problem. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that soft drinks (SD) intake is associated with NAFLD. However, the evidence is inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the association between SD consumption and the risk of NAFLD in a Mexican adult population. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,759 participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS) were included in the analyses. SD intake was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We classified SD consumption as follows: a) less than 1 serving per week, b) 1 to less than 3.5 servings per week, and c) 3.5 or more servings per week. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was calculated based on sex, BMI, and blood transaminase levels, and was categorized as NAFLD ≥ 36. To assess the relation between SD and NAFLD, we followed two approaches: fixed effects logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and dietary intake, the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) for NAFLD were 1.26 (95 % CI: 1.08, 1.48) for 1 to less than 3.5 servings per week and 1.42 (95 % CI: 1.19, 1.69) for ≥3.5 servings/week category in both sexes. When stratifying the analysis by sex, we observed that the association tended to be greater in men than in women. Conclusions: The results from our prospective study indicate that SD consumption is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268124003491Soft drinkConsumptionNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseCohort study
spellingShingle Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
Berenice Rivera-Paredez
Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez
Brianda I. Armenta-Guirado
Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
Yvonne N. Flores
Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
Jorge Salmerón
Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
Annals of Hepatology
Soft drink
Consumption
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Cohort study
title Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
title_full Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
title_fullStr Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
title_short Soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the health workers cohort study
title_sort soft drink consumption and increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease results from the health workers cohort study
topic Soft drink
Consumption
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Cohort study
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268124003491
work_keys_str_mv AT edgardenovagutierrez softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT bereniceriveraparedez softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT amadodquezadasanchez softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT briandaiarmentaguirado softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT palomamunozaguirre softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT yvonnenflores softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT rafaelvelazquezcruz softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy
AT jorgesalmeron softdrinkconsumptionandincreasedriskofnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseaseresultsfromthehealthworkerscohortstudy