Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries
Factors affecting the seasonal distribution of norovirus outbreaks are not well understood. This study examined whether grade school settings at the start of the school year may be a factor. We searched Ovid Medline from January 2002 to June 2014 for studies that provided all reported norovirus outb...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9258140 |
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| author | Roni Y. Kraut Kate G. Snedeker Oksana Babenko Lance Honish |
| author_facet | Roni Y. Kraut Kate G. Snedeker Oksana Babenko Lance Honish |
| author_sort | Roni Y. Kraut |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Factors affecting the seasonal distribution of norovirus outbreaks are not well understood. This study examined whether grade school settings at the start of the school year may be a factor. We searched Ovid Medline from January 2002 to June 2014 for studies that provided all reported norovirus outbreaks in a developed country by month for a minimum of three years. Historical school years were obtained from verifiable sources. The start of the norovirus seasonal outbreak peak and peak outbreak month were determined for each study and compared to the start month of school. Northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere countries had a different norovirus seasonality and different school year structures (traditional compared to year round). In the two studies that provided outbreaks by age, outbreaks among children started several months before outbreaks in the adult population. The median number of months between school start and start of the seasonal outbreak peak was two months (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–3.0), while the median number of months between school start and peak outbreak month was four months (IQR = 3.0–4.0). These findings suggest the possibility the school setting at the start of the school year may be a factor in the seasonality of norovirus. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8935c2eda8a3454781fad9460c48e33e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1712-9532 1918-1493 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8935c2eda8a3454781fad9460c48e33e2025-08-20T03:38:02ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology1712-95321918-14932017-01-01201710.1155/2017/92581409258140Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed CountriesRoni Y. Kraut0Kate G. Snedeker1Oksana Babenko2Lance Honish3Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, CanadaDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, CanadaDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, CanadaEnvironmental Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, T5J 2Y2, CanadaFactors affecting the seasonal distribution of norovirus outbreaks are not well understood. This study examined whether grade school settings at the start of the school year may be a factor. We searched Ovid Medline from January 2002 to June 2014 for studies that provided all reported norovirus outbreaks in a developed country by month for a minimum of three years. Historical school years were obtained from verifiable sources. The start of the norovirus seasonal outbreak peak and peak outbreak month were determined for each study and compared to the start month of school. Northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere countries had a different norovirus seasonality and different school year structures (traditional compared to year round). In the two studies that provided outbreaks by age, outbreaks among children started several months before outbreaks in the adult population. The median number of months between school start and start of the seasonal outbreak peak was two months (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–3.0), while the median number of months between school start and peak outbreak month was four months (IQR = 3.0–4.0). These findings suggest the possibility the school setting at the start of the school year may be a factor in the seasonality of norovirus.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9258140 |
| spellingShingle | Roni Y. Kraut Kate G. Snedeker Oksana Babenko Lance Honish Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology |
| title | Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries |
| title_full | Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries |
| title_fullStr | Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries |
| title_short | Influence of School Year on Seasonality of Norovirus Outbreaks in Developed Countries |
| title_sort | influence of school year on seasonality of norovirus outbreaks in developed countries |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9258140 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT roniykraut influenceofschoolyearonseasonalityofnorovirusoutbreaksindevelopedcountries AT kategsnedeker influenceofschoolyearonseasonalityofnorovirusoutbreaksindevelopedcountries AT oksanababenko influenceofschoolyearonseasonalityofnorovirusoutbreaksindevelopedcountries AT lancehonish influenceofschoolyearonseasonalityofnorovirusoutbreaksindevelopedcountries |