Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21.

Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in three Kenyan referral hospitals: Repeated cross-sectional surveys 2020-21.

<h4>Introduction</h4>The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity.<h4>Methods</h4>We used residual blood samples from women attending a...

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Main Authors: Ruth K Lucinde, Daisy Mugo, Christian Bottomley, Angela Karani, Elizabeth Gardiner, Rabia Aziza, John N Gitonga, Henry Karanja, James Nyagwange, James Tuju, Perpetual Wanjiku, Edward Nzomo, Evans Kamuri, Kaugiria Thuranira, Sarah Agunda, Gideon Nyutu, Anthony O Etyang, Ifedayo M O Adetifa, Eunice Kagucia, Sophie Uyoga, Mark Otiende, Edward Otieno, Leonard Ndwiga, Charles N Agoti, Rashid A Aman, Mercy Mwangangi, Patrick Amoth, Kadondi Kasera, Amek Nyaguara, Wangari Ng'ang'a, Lucy B Ochola, Emukule Namdala, Oscar Gaunya, Rosemary Okuku, Edwine Barasa, Philip Bejon, Benjamin Tsofa, L Isabella Ochola-Oyier, George M Warimwe, Ambrose Agweyu, J Anthony G Scott, Katherine E Gallagher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0265478&type=printable
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Summary:<h4>Introduction</h4>The high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have remained undetected presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and estimating the extent of population immunity.<h4>Methods</h4>We used residual blood samples from women attending antenatal care services at three hospitals in Kenya between August 2020 and October 2021and a validated IgG ELISA for SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and adjusted the results for assay sensitivity and specificity. We fitted a two-component mixture model as an alternative to the threshold analysis to estimate of the proportion of individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection.<h4>Results</h4>We estimated seroprevalence in 2,981 women; 706 in Nairobi, 567 in Busia and 1,708 in Kilifi. By October 2021, 13% of participants were vaccinated (at least one dose) in Nairobi, 2% in Busia. Adjusted seroprevalence rose in all sites; from 50% (95%CI 42-58) in August 2020, to 85% (95%CI 78-92) in October 2021 in Nairobi; from 31% (95%CI 25-37) in May 2021 to 71% (95%CI 64-77) in October 2021 in Busia; and from 1% (95% CI 0-3) in September 2020 to 63% (95% CI 56-69) in October 2021 in Kilifi. Mixture modelling, suggests adjusted cross-sectional prevalence estimates are underestimates; seroprevalence in October 2021 could be 74% in Busia and 72% in Kilifi.<h4>Conclusions</h4>There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nairobi, Busia and Kilifi Counties. Due to the length of time since the beginning of the pandemic, repeated cross-sectional surveys are now difficult to interpret without the use of models to account for antibody waning.
ISSN:1932-6203

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