Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria
Background Undernutrition in early childhood can be reduced when large-scale, nutrition-sensitive programs are delivered with adequate dose, reach, fidelity, and recruitment. Objectives This study (i) investigates the implementation and impact pathways of four nutrition-sensitive programs in Kebbi a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Global Health Action |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2519677 |
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| author | Oluchi Ezekannagha Scott Drimie Dieter Von Fintel Busie Maziya-Dixon Xikombiso Mbhenyane |
| author_facet | Oluchi Ezekannagha Scott Drimie Dieter Von Fintel Busie Maziya-Dixon Xikombiso Mbhenyane |
| author_sort | Oluchi Ezekannagha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Undernutrition in early childhood can be reduced when large-scale, nutrition-sensitive programs are delivered with adequate dose, reach, fidelity, and recruitment. Objectives This study (i) investigates the implementation and impact pathways of four nutrition-sensitive programs in Kebbi and Anambra states, Nigeria: Early Childhood Development Education (ECCDE), Environmental Sanitation, Skills Acquisition, and Agricultural Transformation Support Program (ATASP-1) and (ii) identifies cross-sector factors that enable or hinder effective dose, reach, fidelity, and recruitment. Methods The study employs qualitative methods such as document reviews, in-depth interviews, and site observations to explore the complexity of program delivery and the contextual factors that influence its outcomes. Results All four programs showed dose–reach–fidelity–recruitment gaps in varying degrees: irregular training and equipment delayed dose; rural and low-income communities were least reached; weak quality control cut fidelity; and recruitment seldom penetrated remote areas. Barriers across sectors included insufficient infrastructure, shortages of trained personnel, and bureaucratic funding delays. Programs with robust community engagement, active multi-stakeholder collaboration, timely resource flow, and short ‘reviewandadapt’ cycles (ATASP1 in both states; ECCDE in Anambra) overcame many shortfalls, whereas those lacking these features underperformed (Environmental Sanitation in Anambra; Skills Acquisition in Kebbi). Conclusion Closing Nigeria’s nutrition-sensitive implementation gap demands a dual response: fix tangible barriers – staffing, infrastructure, and procurement – and institutionalize community-led planning and adaptive management to keep dose–reach–fidelity–recruitment on track. Doing so will improve program reach and quality and accelerate progress against child undernutrition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-892cdb49ad2a4116ab5ec9a0efe49a0c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1654-9880 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Health Action |
| spelling | doaj-art-892cdb49ad2a4116ab5ec9a0efe49a0c2025-08-20T03:29:15ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Health Action1654-98802025-12-0118110.1080/16549716.2025.25196772519677Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, NigeriaOluchi Ezekannagha0Scott Drimie1Dieter Von Fintel2Busie Maziya-Dixon3Xikombiso Mbhenyane4Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch UniversityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureStellenbosch UniversityBackground Undernutrition in early childhood can be reduced when large-scale, nutrition-sensitive programs are delivered with adequate dose, reach, fidelity, and recruitment. Objectives This study (i) investigates the implementation and impact pathways of four nutrition-sensitive programs in Kebbi and Anambra states, Nigeria: Early Childhood Development Education (ECCDE), Environmental Sanitation, Skills Acquisition, and Agricultural Transformation Support Program (ATASP-1) and (ii) identifies cross-sector factors that enable or hinder effective dose, reach, fidelity, and recruitment. Methods The study employs qualitative methods such as document reviews, in-depth interviews, and site observations to explore the complexity of program delivery and the contextual factors that influence its outcomes. Results All four programs showed dose–reach–fidelity–recruitment gaps in varying degrees: irregular training and equipment delayed dose; rural and low-income communities were least reached; weak quality control cut fidelity; and recruitment seldom penetrated remote areas. Barriers across sectors included insufficient infrastructure, shortages of trained personnel, and bureaucratic funding delays. Programs with robust community engagement, active multi-stakeholder collaboration, timely resource flow, and short ‘reviewandadapt’ cycles (ATASP1 in both states; ECCDE in Anambra) overcame many shortfalls, whereas those lacking these features underperformed (Environmental Sanitation in Anambra; Skills Acquisition in Kebbi). Conclusion Closing Nigeria’s nutrition-sensitive implementation gap demands a dual response: fix tangible barriers – staffing, infrastructure, and procurement – and institutionalize community-led planning and adaptive management to keep dose–reach–fidelity–recruitment on track. Doing so will improve program reach and quality and accelerate progress against child undernutrition.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2519677nutrition-sensitive programsimplementation barriersfacilitatorsdose-reach-fidelity-recruitmentcommunity engagementadaptive managementnigeria |
| spellingShingle | Oluchi Ezekannagha Scott Drimie Dieter Von Fintel Busie Maziya-Dixon Xikombiso Mbhenyane Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria Global Health Action nutrition-sensitive programs implementation barriers facilitators dose-reach-fidelity-recruitment community engagement adaptive management nigeria |
| title | Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria |
| title_full | Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria |
| title_short | Implementation matters: program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition-sensitive interventions in Anambra and Kebbi states, Nigeria |
| title_sort | implementation matters program impact pathway analysis of four sectoral nutrition sensitive interventions in anambra and kebbi states nigeria |
| topic | nutrition-sensitive programs implementation barriers facilitators dose-reach-fidelity-recruitment community engagement adaptive management nigeria |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2519677 |
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