Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect

<i>T. chilonis</i> is a commonly used biological agent, but its existing host eggs have shown some problems in the breeding of <i>T. chilonis</i>, and the search for more suitable host eggs is imminent. Here, we focused on <i>S. c. ricini</i>, an intermediate host...

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Main Authors: Xi Yuan, Dunsong Li, Weili Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/12/963
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author Xi Yuan
Dunsong Li
Weili Deng
author_facet Xi Yuan
Dunsong Li
Weili Deng
author_sort Xi Yuan
collection DOAJ
description <i>T. chilonis</i> is a commonly used biological agent, but its existing host eggs have shown some problems in the breeding of <i>T. chilonis</i>, and the search for more suitable host eggs is imminent. Here, we focused on <i>S. c. ricini</i>, an intermediate host that was used in the past for <i>Trichogramma</i> spp. but has since received less attention. We attempted to understand the effects of developmental temperature and duration on its longevity and egg production, evaluated the functional response of <i>T. chilonis</i> to <i>S. c. ricini</i> egg, and screened for a suitable wasp-to-egg ratio for the production of <i>T. chilonis</i>. Our results showed that the developmental temperature and duration after the emergence of <i>T. chilonis</i> significantly affected adult longevity and oviposition, that 25–28 °C is a suitable temperature range for the survival and e-g laying of <i>S. c. ricini</i>, and that a developmental duration of at least 24 h was required to obtain more qualified <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs. <i>T. chilonis</i> demonstrated a type II functional response to <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs; different wasp-to-egg ratios significantly affected the propagation efficiency of <i>T. chilonis</i> reproduction from <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs, and the best reproduction efficiency was achieved with wasp-to-egg ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, Considering that there were no significant differences in most parameters between the two treatments, as well as cost concerns, we concluded that wasp-to-egg ratios of 1:2 are an important parameter that could be applied. Our results may provide some valuable insights into the mass rearing of <i>T. chilonis</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-891d6c36be8f4e938255a6d99d626a982024-12-27T14:31:19ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-12-01151296310.3390/insects15120963Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional EffectXi Yuan0Dunsong Li1Weili Deng2Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China<i>T. chilonis</i> is a commonly used biological agent, but its existing host eggs have shown some problems in the breeding of <i>T. chilonis</i>, and the search for more suitable host eggs is imminent. Here, we focused on <i>S. c. ricini</i>, an intermediate host that was used in the past for <i>Trichogramma</i> spp. but has since received less attention. We attempted to understand the effects of developmental temperature and duration on its longevity and egg production, evaluated the functional response of <i>T. chilonis</i> to <i>S. c. ricini</i> egg, and screened for a suitable wasp-to-egg ratio for the production of <i>T. chilonis</i>. Our results showed that the developmental temperature and duration after the emergence of <i>T. chilonis</i> significantly affected adult longevity and oviposition, that 25–28 °C is a suitable temperature range for the survival and e-g laying of <i>S. c. ricini</i>, and that a developmental duration of at least 24 h was required to obtain more qualified <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs. <i>T. chilonis</i> demonstrated a type II functional response to <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs; different wasp-to-egg ratios significantly affected the propagation efficiency of <i>T. chilonis</i> reproduction from <i>S. c. ricini</i> eggs, and the best reproduction efficiency was achieved with wasp-to-egg ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, Considering that there were no significant differences in most parameters between the two treatments, as well as cost concerns, we concluded that wasp-to-egg ratios of 1:2 are an important parameter that could be applied. Our results may provide some valuable insights into the mass rearing of <i>T. chilonis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/12/963parasitism rateemergence ratewasp-to-egg ratiospropagation efficiency
spellingShingle Xi Yuan
Dunsong Li
Weili Deng
Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
Insects
parasitism rate
emergence rate
wasp-to-egg ratios
propagation efficiency
title Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
title_full Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
title_fullStr Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
title_short Research on the Reproduction of <i>Trichogramma chilonis</i> Based on <i>Samia cynthia ricini</i> Eggs: Temperature, Functional Response and Proportional Effect
title_sort research on the reproduction of i trichogramma chilonis i based on i samia cynthia ricini i eggs temperature functional response and proportional effect
topic parasitism rate
emergence rate
wasp-to-egg ratios
propagation efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/12/963
work_keys_str_mv AT xiyuan researchonthereproductionofitrichogrammachilonisibasedonisamiacynthiariciniieggstemperaturefunctionalresponseandproportionaleffect
AT dunsongli researchonthereproductionofitrichogrammachilonisibasedonisamiacynthiariciniieggstemperaturefunctionalresponseandproportionaleffect
AT weilideng researchonthereproductionofitrichogrammachilonisibasedonisamiacynthiariciniieggstemperaturefunctionalresponseandproportionaleffect