IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives

The rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practica...

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Main Authors: Ahmed A. Zakaria, Tasneem Amr, Amany A. Ragheb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/
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author Ahmed A. Zakaria
Tasneem Amr
Amany A. Ragheb
author_facet Ahmed A. Zakaria
Tasneem Amr
Amany A. Ragheb
author_sort Ahmed A. Zakaria
collection DOAJ
description The rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practical applications, investment trends, and electronics engineering contributions. The review covers real-world IoT use cases across key urban domains mobility, energy, environment, infrastructure, and governance supported by insights into recent global developments (2022-2024). It also analyzes smart city investment patterns, highlighting the growth of IoT-driven infrastructure and service models. From a technical perspective, the paper examines common urban IoT sensors (e.g., air quality, water, noise, and motion), their performance metrics, power profiles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W to mW), and communication technologies (LoRaWAN, BLE, Wi-Fi, Zigbee). Comparative evaluations emphasize trade-offs between accuracy, energy efficiency, and range. Challenges related to power management, network scalability, cybersecurity, and sustainability are discussed, along with future research directions including tinyML, 6G networks, and biodegradable sensor platforms. The findings reinforce that electronics engineers play a pivotal role in designing and securing next-generation smart city systems by integrating innovation with ecological responsibility.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-891186bca9f74ef38a02d4efdf3b8ae92025-08-20T03:43:52ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011313531613533510.1109/ACCESS.2025.359401911104244IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering PerspectivesAhmed A. Zakaria0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1598-0990Tasneem Amr1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2293-3843Amany A. Ragheb2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-5141Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Architectural Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, EgyptThe rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practical applications, investment trends, and electronics engineering contributions. The review covers real-world IoT use cases across key urban domains mobility, energy, environment, infrastructure, and governance supported by insights into recent global developments (2022-2024). It also analyzes smart city investment patterns, highlighting the growth of IoT-driven infrastructure and service models. From a technical perspective, the paper examines common urban IoT sensors (e.g., air quality, water, noise, and motion), their performance metrics, power profiles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W to mW), and communication technologies (LoRaWAN, BLE, Wi-Fi, Zigbee). Comparative evaluations emphasize trade-offs between accuracy, energy efficiency, and range. Challenges related to power management, network scalability, cybersecurity, and sustainability are discussed, along with future research directions including tinyML, 6G networks, and biodegradable sensor platforms. The findings reinforce that electronics engineers play a pivotal role in designing and securing next-generation smart city systems by integrating innovation with ecological responsibility.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/Smart citiesInternet of Things (IoT)electronics engineeringurban sensor networkslow power designLoRaWAN
spellingShingle Ahmed A. Zakaria
Tasneem Amr
Amany A. Ragheb
IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
IEEE Access
Smart cities
Internet of Things (IoT)
electronics engineering
urban sensor networks
low power design
LoRaWAN
title IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
title_full IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
title_fullStr IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
title_short IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
title_sort iot in smart urban planning a comprehensive review of applications developments and engineering perspectives
topic Smart cities
Internet of Things (IoT)
electronics engineering
urban sensor networks
low power design
LoRaWAN
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/
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AT tasneemamr iotinsmarturbanplanningacomprehensivereviewofapplicationsdevelopmentsandengineeringperspectives
AT amanyaragheb iotinsmarturbanplanningacomprehensivereviewofapplicationsdevelopmentsandengineeringperspectives