IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives
The rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/ |
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| author | Ahmed A. Zakaria Tasneem Amr Amany A. Ragheb |
| author_facet | Ahmed A. Zakaria Tasneem Amr Amany A. Ragheb |
| author_sort | Ahmed A. Zakaria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practical applications, investment trends, and electronics engineering contributions. The review covers real-world IoT use cases across key urban domains mobility, energy, environment, infrastructure, and governance supported by insights into recent global developments (2022-2024). It also analyzes smart city investment patterns, highlighting the growth of IoT-driven infrastructure and service models. From a technical perspective, the paper examines common urban IoT sensors (e.g., air quality, water, noise, and motion), their performance metrics, power profiles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W to mW), and communication technologies (LoRaWAN, BLE, Wi-Fi, Zigbee). Comparative evaluations emphasize trade-offs between accuracy, energy efficiency, and range. Challenges related to power management, network scalability, cybersecurity, and sustainability are discussed, along with future research directions including tinyML, 6G networks, and biodegradable sensor platforms. The findings reinforce that electronics engineers play a pivotal role in designing and securing next-generation smart city systems by integrating innovation with ecological responsibility. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-891186bca9f74ef38a02d4efdf3b8ae9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-891186bca9f74ef38a02d4efdf3b8ae92025-08-20T03:43:52ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011313531613533510.1109/ACCESS.2025.359401911104244IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering PerspectivesAhmed A. Zakaria0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1598-0990Tasneem Amr1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2293-3843Amany A. Ragheb2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-5141Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Architectural Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, EgyptThe rapid evolution of urbanization necessitates the deployment of smart technologies to create sustainable, efficient, and resilient cities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in enabling smart urban environments, with a focus on practical applications, investment trends, and electronics engineering contributions. The review covers real-world IoT use cases across key urban domains mobility, energy, environment, infrastructure, and governance supported by insights into recent global developments (2022-2024). It also analyzes smart city investment patterns, highlighting the growth of IoT-driven infrastructure and service models. From a technical perspective, the paper examines common urban IoT sensors (e.g., air quality, water, noise, and motion), their performance metrics, power profiles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W to mW), and communication technologies (LoRaWAN, BLE, Wi-Fi, Zigbee). Comparative evaluations emphasize trade-offs between accuracy, energy efficiency, and range. Challenges related to power management, network scalability, cybersecurity, and sustainability are discussed, along with future research directions including tinyML, 6G networks, and biodegradable sensor platforms. The findings reinforce that electronics engineers play a pivotal role in designing and securing next-generation smart city systems by integrating innovation with ecological responsibility.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/Smart citiesInternet of Things (IoT)electronics engineeringurban sensor networkslow power designLoRaWAN |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed A. Zakaria Tasneem Amr Amany A. Ragheb IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives IEEE Access Smart cities Internet of Things (IoT) electronics engineering urban sensor networks low power design LoRaWAN |
| title | IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives |
| title_full | IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives |
| title_short | IoT in Smart Urban Planning: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Developments, and Engineering Perspectives |
| title_sort | iot in smart urban planning a comprehensive review of applications developments and engineering perspectives |
| topic | Smart cities Internet of Things (IoT) electronics engineering urban sensor networks low power design LoRaWAN |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104244/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmedazakaria iotinsmarturbanplanningacomprehensivereviewofapplicationsdevelopmentsandengineeringperspectives AT tasneemamr iotinsmarturbanplanningacomprehensivereviewofapplicationsdevelopmentsandengineeringperspectives AT amanyaragheb iotinsmarturbanplanningacomprehensivereviewofapplicationsdevelopmentsandengineeringperspectives |