Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Iron overload is a serious condition that can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative tissue damage and organ dysfunction. While current pharmaceutical drugs for iron chelation have limitations, the search for natural h...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma Komsak Pintha Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong Chonthida Thephinlap Maitree Suttajit Sawaruj Kaowinn Napapan Kangwan Wanwisa Suwannaloet Kanjana Pangjit |
| author_facet | Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma Komsak Pintha Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong Chonthida Thephinlap Maitree Suttajit Sawaruj Kaowinn Napapan Kangwan Wanwisa Suwannaloet Kanjana Pangjit |
| author_sort | Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Iron overload is a serious condition that can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative tissue damage and organ dysfunction. While current pharmaceutical drugs for iron chelation have limitations, the search for natural herbs with iron-chelating properties is crucial. This study aimed to explore the various biological functions of the <i>Perilla frutescens</i> seed, regarding antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective and iron-chelating properties. <b>Methods:</b><i>Perilla frutescens</i> seeds were subjected to extraction using a solvent-partitioning technique. Each fraction was evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and rosmarinic acid (RA) content by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the TBARS assay in HepG2 cells and an egg yolk model. The iron-chelating activity was examined using a ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe<sup>3+</sup>-NTA)-binding assay, labile iron pool (LIP) level assessment, and the transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in HepG2 cells. <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction had the highest TPC, TFC, and RA. This fraction demonstrated strong antioxidant properties and attenuated lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells and egg yolk. In addition, this fraction exhibited iron-binding activity, decreased LIP levels, and induced TfR expression in iron-loaded HepG2 cells similar to the rosmarinic acid standard. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the EtOAc fraction of the <i>Perilla frutescens</i> seed possesses promising potential as a therapeutic agent for treating iron overload. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-890e2e8ffd4e440bb12f930d414fb407 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-890e2e8ffd4e440bb12f930d414fb4072025-08-20T03:14:20ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-04-0113485110.3390/biomedicines13040851Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> SeedSirichatnach Pakdeepromma0Komsak Pintha1Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong2Chonthida Thephinlap3Maitree Suttajit4Sawaruj Kaowinn5Napapan Kangwan6Wanwisa Suwannaloet7Kanjana Pangjit8Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, ThailandDivision of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDivision of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDivision of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDivision of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDivision of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, ThailandCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, ThailandCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Iron overload is a serious condition that can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative tissue damage and organ dysfunction. While current pharmaceutical drugs for iron chelation have limitations, the search for natural herbs with iron-chelating properties is crucial. This study aimed to explore the various biological functions of the <i>Perilla frutescens</i> seed, regarding antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective and iron-chelating properties. <b>Methods:</b><i>Perilla frutescens</i> seeds were subjected to extraction using a solvent-partitioning technique. Each fraction was evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and rosmarinic acid (RA) content by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the TBARS assay in HepG2 cells and an egg yolk model. The iron-chelating activity was examined using a ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe<sup>3+</sup>-NTA)-binding assay, labile iron pool (LIP) level assessment, and the transferrin receptor (TfR) expression in HepG2 cells. <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis indicated that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction had the highest TPC, TFC, and RA. This fraction demonstrated strong antioxidant properties and attenuated lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells and egg yolk. In addition, this fraction exhibited iron-binding activity, decreased LIP levels, and induced TfR expression in iron-loaded HepG2 cells similar to the rosmarinic acid standard. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the EtOAc fraction of the <i>Perilla frutescens</i> seed possesses promising potential as a therapeutic agent for treating iron overload.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/851<i>Perilla frutescens</i>rosmarinic acidiron chelationantioxidanthepatoprotective |
| spellingShingle | Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma Komsak Pintha Payungsak Tantipaiboonwong Chonthida Thephinlap Maitree Suttajit Sawaruj Kaowinn Napapan Kangwan Wanwisa Suwannaloet Kanjana Pangjit Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed Biomedicines <i>Perilla frutescens</i> rosmarinic acid iron chelation antioxidant hepatoprotective |
| title | Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed |
| title_full | Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed |
| title_short | Assessing the Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, and Iron-Chelating Potential of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> Seed |
| title_sort | assessing the antioxidant hepatoprotective and iron chelating potential of i perilla frutescens i seed |
| topic | <i>Perilla frutescens</i> rosmarinic acid iron chelation antioxidant hepatoprotective |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/851 |
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