Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment

Abstract Heavy metal (HM) contamination of the environment is a major problem worldwide. The rate of global deposition of HMs in soil has dramatically increased over the past two centuries and there of facilitated their rapid accumulation also in living systems. Although the effects of HMs on plants...

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Main Authors: Joanna Gajewska, Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek, Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, Autar Mattoo, Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2022-04-01
Series:IMA Fungus
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-022-00092-4
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author Joanna Gajewska
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
Autar Mattoo
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
author_facet Joanna Gajewska
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
Autar Mattoo
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
author_sort Joanna Gajewska
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heavy metal (HM) contamination of the environment is a major problem worldwide. The rate of global deposition of HMs in soil has dramatically increased over the past two centuries and there of facilitated their rapid accumulation also in living systems. Although the effects of HMs on plants, animals and humans have been extensively studied, yet little is known about their effects on the (patho)biology of the microorganisms belonging to a unique group of filamentous eukaryotic pathogens, i.e., fungi and oomycetes. Much of the literature concerning mainly model species has revealed that HM stress affects their hyphal growth, morphology, and sporulation. Toxicity at cellular level leads to disturbance of redox homeostasis manifested by the formation of nitro-oxidative intermediates and to the induction of antioxidant machinery. Despite such adverse effects, published data is indicative of the fact that fungal and oomycete pathogens have a relatively high tolerance to HMs in comparison to other groups of microbes such as bacteria. Likely, these pathogens may harbor a network of detoxification mechanisms that ensure their survival in a highly HM-polluted (micro)habitat. Such a network may include extracellular HMs immobilization, biosorption to cell wall, and/or their intracellular sequestration to proteins or other ligands. HMs may also induce a hormesis-like phenomenon allowing the pathogens to maintain or even increase fitness against chemical challenges. Different scenarios linking HMs stress and modification of the microorganisms pathogenicity are disscused in this review.
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spelling doaj-art-890186e2516042e78b04b3a8a22bedda2025-02-03T00:21:22ZengBMCIMA Fungus2210-63592022-04-0113112010.1186/s43008-022-00092-4Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environmentJoanna Gajewska0Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek1Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka2Autar Mattoo3Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek4Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityDepartment of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life SciencesDepartment of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Poznań Adam Mickiewicz UniversitySustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityAbstract Heavy metal (HM) contamination of the environment is a major problem worldwide. The rate of global deposition of HMs in soil has dramatically increased over the past two centuries and there of facilitated their rapid accumulation also in living systems. Although the effects of HMs on plants, animals and humans have been extensively studied, yet little is known about their effects on the (patho)biology of the microorganisms belonging to a unique group of filamentous eukaryotic pathogens, i.e., fungi and oomycetes. Much of the literature concerning mainly model species has revealed that HM stress affects their hyphal growth, morphology, and sporulation. Toxicity at cellular level leads to disturbance of redox homeostasis manifested by the formation of nitro-oxidative intermediates and to the induction of antioxidant machinery. Despite such adverse effects, published data is indicative of the fact that fungal and oomycete pathogens have a relatively high tolerance to HMs in comparison to other groups of microbes such as bacteria. Likely, these pathogens may harbor a network of detoxification mechanisms that ensure their survival in a highly HM-polluted (micro)habitat. Such a network may include extracellular HMs immobilization, biosorption to cell wall, and/or their intracellular sequestration to proteins or other ligands. HMs may also induce a hormesis-like phenomenon allowing the pathogens to maintain or even increase fitness against chemical challenges. Different scenarios linking HMs stress and modification of the microorganisms pathogenicity are disscused in this review.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-022-00092-4Environmental pollutantsFilamentous eukaryotic pathogensFungal bioremediationHeavy metal toxicity and detoxificationHormesisPathogenicity
spellingShingle Joanna Gajewska
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
Autar Mattoo
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
IMA Fungus
Environmental pollutants
Filamentous eukaryotic pathogens
Fungal bioremediation
Heavy metal toxicity and detoxification
Hormesis
Pathogenicity
title Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
title_full Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
title_fullStr Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
title_full_unstemmed Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
title_short Fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals: an inglorious couple in the environment
title_sort fungal and oomycete pathogens and heavy metals an inglorious couple in the environment
topic Environmental pollutants
Filamentous eukaryotic pathogens
Fungal bioremediation
Heavy metal toxicity and detoxification
Hormesis
Pathogenicity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-022-00092-4
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AT ewasobieszczuknowicka fungalandoomycetepathogensandheavymetalsaningloriouscoupleintheenvironment
AT autarmattoo fungalandoomycetepathogensandheavymetalsaningloriouscoupleintheenvironment
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