A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively

ABSTRACT The study examines alloparental care and adoption in the Sri Lankan leopard population at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka. Using the multi‐point leopard identification method, it documents a remarkable instance: a leopard cub initially adopted by its maternal aunt and later by an unrelated fe...

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Main Authors: Dushyantha Silva, Milinda Wattegedera, Mevan Piyasena, Raveendra Siriwardene, Sasindu Hewage, Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana Sooriyabandara, Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara Marasinghe, Rajapakse M. R. Nilanthi, Prasantha Wimaladasa, Gotabhaya Ranasinghe, Kaveesha Perera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70952
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author Dushyantha Silva
Milinda Wattegedera
Mevan Piyasena
Raveendra Siriwardene
Sasindu Hewage
Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana Sooriyabandara
Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara Marasinghe
Rajapakse M. R. Nilanthi
Prasantha Wimaladasa
Gotabhaya Ranasinghe
Kaveesha Perera
author_facet Dushyantha Silva
Milinda Wattegedera
Mevan Piyasena
Raveendra Siriwardene
Sasindu Hewage
Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana Sooriyabandara
Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara Marasinghe
Rajapakse M. R. Nilanthi
Prasantha Wimaladasa
Gotabhaya Ranasinghe
Kaveesha Perera
author_sort Dushyantha Silva
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The study examines alloparental care and adoption in the Sri Lankan leopard population at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka. Using the multi‐point leopard identification method, it documents a remarkable instance: a leopard cub initially adopted by its maternal aunt and later by an unrelated female with no prior connection to the cub. The cub had a sibling litter mate, who was not seen in the park after the initial adoption ended by the maternal aunt. We consider this behavior noteworthy in especially solitary animal species such as leopards. Our study was conducted for a period of 2 years and 5 months (from February 2021 to July 2023). Our observations highlight the dynamics of these adoptions and the behaviors exhibited. Altruistic acts, such as feeding, brushing, and shielding the cubs, were observed. These inspections challenge the conventional knowledge regarding leopard behaviors. Notably, the adoption of the cub by unrelated females, despite the absence of genetic ties, exemplifies a form of mutually beneficial reciprocal altruism, offering advantages to both parties. The following study explains leopard adoptions using evolutionary theories like kin altruism and reciprocal altruism. It suggests factors such as genetic relatedness, mutual dependency, and possible misidentification influenced the act of adoption. These rare altruistic acts benefit the leopard population. Our study opposes traditional concepts of solitary Sri Lankan leopards. Altruistic behaviors, influenced by genetic relatedness and reciprocal benefits, emphasize social dynamics in predator populations. These findings enhance the understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and cooperative behaviors in maintaining population fitness in the Sri Lankan leopard population.
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spelling doaj-art-88fd08d8141142a1bdfd3b5f01fee5f22025-08-20T03:13:50ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-02-01152n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70952A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses ConsecutivelyDushyantha Silva0Milinda Wattegedera1Mevan Piyasena2Raveendra Siriwardene3Sasindu Hewage4Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana Sooriyabandara5Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara Marasinghe6Rajapakse M. R. Nilanthi7Prasantha Wimaladasa8Gotabhaya Ranasinghe9Kaveesha Perera10Research and Data Gathering Team Yala Leopard Center Hambantota Sri LankaResearch and Data Gathering Team Yala Leopard Center Hambantota Sri LankaResearch and Data Gathering Team Yala Leopard Center Hambantota Sri LankaResearch and Data Gathering Team Yala Leopard Center Hambantota Sri LankaResearch and Data Gathering Team Yala Leopard Center Hambantota Sri LankaDepartment of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka Funding Battaramulla Sri LankaDepartment of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka Funding Battaramulla Sri LankaDepartment of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka Funding Battaramulla Sri LankaDepartment of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka Funding Battaramulla Sri LankaInstitute of Cardiology National Hospital of Sri Lanka Colombo Sri LankaInstitute of Cardiology National Hospital of Sri Lanka Colombo Sri LankaABSTRACT The study examines alloparental care and adoption in the Sri Lankan leopard population at Yala National Park, Sri Lanka. Using the multi‐point leopard identification method, it documents a remarkable instance: a leopard cub initially adopted by its maternal aunt and later by an unrelated female with no prior connection to the cub. The cub had a sibling litter mate, who was not seen in the park after the initial adoption ended by the maternal aunt. We consider this behavior noteworthy in especially solitary animal species such as leopards. Our study was conducted for a period of 2 years and 5 months (from February 2021 to July 2023). Our observations highlight the dynamics of these adoptions and the behaviors exhibited. Altruistic acts, such as feeding, brushing, and shielding the cubs, were observed. These inspections challenge the conventional knowledge regarding leopard behaviors. Notably, the adoption of the cub by unrelated females, despite the absence of genetic ties, exemplifies a form of mutually beneficial reciprocal altruism, offering advantages to both parties. The following study explains leopard adoptions using evolutionary theories like kin altruism and reciprocal altruism. It suggests factors such as genetic relatedness, mutual dependency, and possible misidentification influenced the act of adoption. These rare altruistic acts benefit the leopard population. Our study opposes traditional concepts of solitary Sri Lankan leopards. Altruistic behaviors, influenced by genetic relatedness and reciprocal benefits, emphasize social dynamics in predator populations. These findings enhance the understanding of evolutionary mechanisms and cooperative behaviors in maintaining population fitness in the Sri Lankan leopard population.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70952
spellingShingle Dushyantha Silva
Milinda Wattegedera
Mevan Piyasena
Raveendra Siriwardene
Sasindu Hewage
Meegasthanne Gamaralalage Chandana Sooriyabandara
Marasinghe Sumanasirige Lesly Ranjan Pushpakumara Marasinghe
Rajapakse M. R. Nilanthi
Prasantha Wimaladasa
Gotabhaya Ranasinghe
Kaveesha Perera
A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
Ecology and Evolution
title A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
title_full A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
title_fullStr A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
title_full_unstemmed A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
title_short A Leopard Cub (Panthera pardus kotiya) Adopted by Kin and Non‐Kin Leopardesses Consecutively
title_sort leopard cub panthera pardus kotiya adopted by kin and non kin leopardesses consecutively
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70952
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