Temporal variations in NO x , O3, and CO2 and meteorological influences in New York and New Jersey urban atmospheres
Abstract The temporal variability in NO, NO2, NO x , CO2, and O3 concentrations was investigated from 2007bb to 2015 at an extensive urban wetland area, characterized by (i) wetlands and marshes; (ii) an urban interface; (iii) hydrological features; (iv) environmental challenges; and (v) biodiversit...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Discover Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00226-6 |
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| Summary: | Abstract The temporal variability in NO, NO2, NO x , CO2, and O3 concentrations was investigated from 2007bb to 2015 at an extensive urban wetland area, characterized by (i) wetlands and marshes; (ii) an urban interface; (iii) hydrological features; (iv) environmental challenges; and (v) biodiversity and conservation. Here, we utilized commercial Thermo Fisher Instruments Inc. trace gas analyzers to measure temporal distribution of O3, NO, NO/NOx, and CO2.from 2007 to 2015 at a convergence zone between the I-95, New Jersey, and New York City. The diurnal profiles of NO and NO2 are dominated by photochemical destruction during the day, lack thereof during the nighttime, and a buildup in the morning due to rush hour traffic with a low amount of solar irradiance. The CO2 profile shows loss during the day due to photosynthetic activity, anthropogenic release during the early morning hours, and buildup during the night due to anthropogenic release. O3 is anticorrelated to NO x, as NO and NO2 are precursor species for photochemical O3 production during the daytime; ozone’s gradual decrease during the nighttime and sudden dip in the early morning are primarily governed by a lack of/low solar irradiance during the night and early morning, respectively. The monthly and yearly mean profiles showcase the longer timescale representation of the diurnal profiles. Ordinary linear regression (OLR) modeling revealed minor but nonnegligible correlations with temperature, RH, solar irradiance, wind speed and direction. The OLR exhibited a negative dependence on ln[X] (where X = CO2, NO, NO2, or NO x ) as a function of wind speed and temperature. O3 displayed an increasingly positive dependence as the temperature and wind speed increased. In contrast, CO2, NO, NO2, and NO x exhibited positive dependences as a function of RH, while O3 displayed negative dependences on RH. Pearson, Kendall, and Spearman correlation analyses complement OLR analyses, as CO2, NO, NO2, NO x , and O3 exhibit minimal correlations with solar irradiance, temperature, RH, wind speed and direction. Moreover, OLR-normalized correlation analyses also highlight the importance of higher-resolution data; here, we show that more data are significant at higher resolutions than daily and weekly data. This 8-year measurement study complements the national and statewide trend of gradual decreases in emissions of air quality pollutants and carbon dioxide. This study reinforces the importance of continuous environmental and assessment activities, which are benchmarks for air quality and climate simulations/forecasts and policy development and implementation (e.g., State Implementation Plans, SIPS). |
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| ISSN: | 2731-9431 |