Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology
Abstract This paper introduces an innovative design and analysis of a magneto-electric dipole antenna exhibiting high-gain, ultra-wideband operation, and stable radiation characteristics in the 60-GHz mm-wave band. Furthermore, the trapped printed gap waveguide (TPGW) technology is presented as a lo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08589-9 |
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| author | Haitham Hamada Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali Shoukry I. Shams Ashraf A. M. Khalaf A. M. M. A. Allam |
| author_facet | Haitham Hamada Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali Shoukry I. Shams Ashraf A. M. Khalaf A. M. M. A. Allam |
| author_sort | Haitham Hamada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper introduces an innovative design and analysis of a magneto-electric dipole antenna exhibiting high-gain, ultra-wideband operation, and stable radiation characteristics in the 60-GHz mm-wave band. Furthermore, the trapped printed gap waveguide (TPGW) technology is presented as a low-cost, minimal-loss, and low-dispersion guiding structure to feed the proposed antenna. The antenna covers a relative matching bandwidth of over 33.33% from 50 to 70 GHz with a maximum gain up to 8 dBi. In addition, the antenna is integrated with a perforated dielectric substrate layer lens on the antenna’s broadside location, enhancing the gain by an average of 3 dB along its entire operational bandwidth. Moreover, an efficient approach for designing a large ME dipole antenna array and its corporate feeding network is presented. Both ME-dipole sub-arrays and the out-of-phase power divider with WR-15 standard interface are designed and studied separately, where a systematic design procedure is presented to obtain initial design parameters. A 2 × 2 planar antenna array is designed and implemented, featuring proper integration between the radiating elements and a differentially fed wide-bandwidth TPGW power divider. Then, the operation of the individual components has been assessed using simulation and measurements. Furthermore, an in-depth mathematical analysis is presented to investigate the potential resonance conditions arising from disparities in complementary components. Consequently, a proposed solution is provided to break the resonance loop and shield the two opposing sub-arrays. The 2 × 2 array of ME-dipoles has overall dimensions of 1.6 $$\lambda _0$$ $$\times$$ 1.4 $$\lambda _0$$ and demonstrates an impedance bandwidth ( $$|S_{11}| <$$ – 10 dB) exceeding 33.33 $$\%$$ at 60 GHz, with a peak gain of over 18 dBi. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-88edd080d717480da8f32ff6e2233050 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-88edd080d717480da8f32ff6e22330502025-08-20T03:03:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-08589-9Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technologyHaitham Hamada0Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali1Shoukry I. Shams2Ashraf A. M. Khalaf3A. M. M. A. Allam4Electrical Engineering Department, Higher Technological Institute, HTIDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia UniversityElectrical Engineering, Minia UniversityInformation and Engineering, Technology Department, German University in CairoAbstract This paper introduces an innovative design and analysis of a magneto-electric dipole antenna exhibiting high-gain, ultra-wideband operation, and stable radiation characteristics in the 60-GHz mm-wave band. Furthermore, the trapped printed gap waveguide (TPGW) technology is presented as a low-cost, minimal-loss, and low-dispersion guiding structure to feed the proposed antenna. The antenna covers a relative matching bandwidth of over 33.33% from 50 to 70 GHz with a maximum gain up to 8 dBi. In addition, the antenna is integrated with a perforated dielectric substrate layer lens on the antenna’s broadside location, enhancing the gain by an average of 3 dB along its entire operational bandwidth. Moreover, an efficient approach for designing a large ME dipole antenna array and its corporate feeding network is presented. Both ME-dipole sub-arrays and the out-of-phase power divider with WR-15 standard interface are designed and studied separately, where a systematic design procedure is presented to obtain initial design parameters. A 2 × 2 planar antenna array is designed and implemented, featuring proper integration between the radiating elements and a differentially fed wide-bandwidth TPGW power divider. Then, the operation of the individual components has been assessed using simulation and measurements. Furthermore, an in-depth mathematical analysis is presented to investigate the potential resonance conditions arising from disparities in complementary components. Consequently, a proposed solution is provided to break the resonance loop and shield the two opposing sub-arrays. The 2 × 2 array of ME-dipoles has overall dimensions of 1.6 $$\lambda _0$$ $$\times$$ 1.4 $$\lambda _0$$ and demonstrates an impedance bandwidth ( $$|S_{11}| <$$ – 10 dB) exceeding 33.33 $$\%$$ at 60 GHz, with a peak gain of over 18 dBi.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08589-9 |
| spellingShingle | Haitham Hamada Mohamed Mamdouh M. Ali Shoukry I. Shams Ashraf A. M. Khalaf A. M. M. A. Allam Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology Scientific Reports |
| title | Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| title_full | Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| title_fullStr | Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| title_short | Design and analysis of a 60 GHz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| title_sort | design and analysis of a 60 ghz high gain wideband magneto electric dipole antenna array based on trapped printed gap waveguide technology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08589-9 |
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