Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the polymerization shrinkage, microhardness, DOC, and compressive strength of composite resin materials employed for core restoration, encompassing dual-cured core resin composites and LC bulk-fill composites. Methods Bulk-fill resin composites [Fi...

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Main Authors: Hye Jeong Kim, Jiyoung Kwon, Hyun-Jung Kim, Reuben H. Kim, Duck-Su Kim, Ji-Hyun Jang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06353-z
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author Hye Jeong Kim
Jiyoung Kwon
Hyun-Jung Kim
Reuben H. Kim
Duck-Su Kim
Ji-Hyun Jang
author_facet Hye Jeong Kim
Jiyoung Kwon
Hyun-Jung Kim
Reuben H. Kim
Duck-Su Kim
Ji-Hyun Jang
author_sort Hye Jeong Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the polymerization shrinkage, microhardness, DOC, and compressive strength of composite resin materials employed for core restoration, encompassing dual-cured core resin composites and LC bulk-fill composites. Methods Bulk-fill resin composites [Filtek One Bulk fill (BFO), Bulk Fill Base (BBB), Metafil Bulkfill One (BMF)] and dual-cured core resin composites (Luxacore Z, Any-Core) served as the experimental group, while two conventional LC resin composites [Filtek Z350 (FTZ), metafil flo (FMF)] served as the control group. Two dual-cured core resin composites were named as follows, CLD, CLS (Luxacore Z, in dual-cured mode and self-cured (SC) mode); CAD and CAS (Any-Core, in dual-cured mode and SC mode). Linear polymerization shrinkage, depth of cure (DOC) using microhardness, and compressive strength were evaluated for each experimental group. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and a post-hoc test (Duncan’s test) was performed at a 95% confidence level. Results The linear polymerization shrinkage rate was higher in the dual-pol9ymerization core resin group than in the control group FTZ and bulk-fill resin groups, and in each dual-cured core resin, the dual-cured group was higher than the SC group. The DOC was higher in the bulk-fill resin group than in the control group, and the DOC of the dual-cured core resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength of the bulk-fill resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength in the bulk-fill resin group was higher as the filler content increased in the dual-cured mode than the SC mode in the dual-cured core resin group. Conclusions Bulk-fill resins showed superior polymerization shrinkage and DOC compared to conventional resin composites and dual-cured core resins. At 4 mm depth, Bulk-fill resin composites achieved an appropriate DOC, but for dual-cured core resins, the DOC varied depending on the product. Clinical significance Highly filled bulk-fill resins could be a predictable restorative material for deep cavities and post-endodontic core material, considering its polymerization shrinkage, DOC, and mechanical properties.
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spelling doaj-art-88e9f8e824e2467d98dc8fdc7904484d2025-08-20T03:42:01ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-06353-zComparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resinHye Jeong Kim0Jiyoung Kwon1Hyun-Jung Kim2Reuben H. Kim3Duck-Su Kim4Ji-Hyun Jang5Department of Conservative Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee UniversitySection of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of California Los AngelesDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee UniversityAbstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the polymerization shrinkage, microhardness, DOC, and compressive strength of composite resin materials employed for core restoration, encompassing dual-cured core resin composites and LC bulk-fill composites. Methods Bulk-fill resin composites [Filtek One Bulk fill (BFO), Bulk Fill Base (BBB), Metafil Bulkfill One (BMF)] and dual-cured core resin composites (Luxacore Z, Any-Core) served as the experimental group, while two conventional LC resin composites [Filtek Z350 (FTZ), metafil flo (FMF)] served as the control group. Two dual-cured core resin composites were named as follows, CLD, CLS (Luxacore Z, in dual-cured mode and self-cured (SC) mode); CAD and CAS (Any-Core, in dual-cured mode and SC mode). Linear polymerization shrinkage, depth of cure (DOC) using microhardness, and compressive strength were evaluated for each experimental group. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and a post-hoc test (Duncan’s test) was performed at a 95% confidence level. Results The linear polymerization shrinkage rate was higher in the dual-pol9ymerization core resin group than in the control group FTZ and bulk-fill resin groups, and in each dual-cured core resin, the dual-cured group was higher than the SC group. The DOC was higher in the bulk-fill resin group than in the control group, and the DOC of the dual-cured core resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength of the bulk-fill resin group showed a significant variation depending on the product. The compressive strength in the bulk-fill resin group was higher as the filler content increased in the dual-cured mode than the SC mode in the dual-cured core resin group. Conclusions Bulk-fill resins showed superior polymerization shrinkage and DOC compared to conventional resin composites and dual-cured core resins. At 4 mm depth, Bulk-fill resin composites achieved an appropriate DOC, but for dual-cured core resins, the DOC varied depending on the product. Clinical significance Highly filled bulk-fill resins could be a predictable restorative material for deep cavities and post-endodontic core material, considering its polymerization shrinkage, DOC, and mechanical properties.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06353-zBulk-fill resinDual-cured core resinPolymerization shrinkageDepth of cureMicrohardnessCompressive strength
spellingShingle Hye Jeong Kim
Jiyoung Kwon
Hyun-Jung Kim
Reuben H. Kim
Duck-Su Kim
Ji-Hyun Jang
Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
BMC Oral Health
Bulk-fill resin
Dual-cured core resin
Polymerization shrinkage
Depth of cure
Microhardness
Compressive strength
title Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
title_full Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
title_fullStr Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
title_short Comparison of polymerization behaviors, microhardness and compressive strength between bulk-fill resin and dual-cured core resin
title_sort comparison of polymerization behaviors microhardness and compressive strength between bulk fill resin and dual cured core resin
topic Bulk-fill resin
Dual-cured core resin
Polymerization shrinkage
Depth of cure
Microhardness
Compressive strength
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06353-z
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