Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias.
In this study, we evaluated the impact of viral variant, in addition to other variables, on within-host viral burden, by analysing cycle threshold (Ct) values derived from nose and throat swabs, collected as part of the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey. Because viral burden distributions determined from...
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| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-08-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011461&type=printable |
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| author | Helen R Fryer Tanya Golubchik Matthew Hall Christophe Fraser Robert Hinch Luca Ferretti Laura Thomson Anel Nurtay Lorenzo Pellis Thomas House George MacIntyre-Cockett Amy Trebes David Buck Paolo Piazza Angie Green Lorne J Lonie Darren Smith Matthew Bashton Matthew Crown Andrew Nelson Clare M McCann Mohammed Adnan Tariq Claire J Elstob Rui Nunes Dos Santos Zack Richards Xin Xhang Joseph Hawley Mark R Lee Priscilla Carrillo-Barragan Isobel Chapman Sarah Harthern-Flint COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium David Bonsall Katrina A Lythgoe |
| author_facet | Helen R Fryer Tanya Golubchik Matthew Hall Christophe Fraser Robert Hinch Luca Ferretti Laura Thomson Anel Nurtay Lorenzo Pellis Thomas House George MacIntyre-Cockett Amy Trebes David Buck Paolo Piazza Angie Green Lorne J Lonie Darren Smith Matthew Bashton Matthew Crown Andrew Nelson Clare M McCann Mohammed Adnan Tariq Claire J Elstob Rui Nunes Dos Santos Zack Richards Xin Xhang Joseph Hawley Mark R Lee Priscilla Carrillo-Barragan Isobel Chapman Sarah Harthern-Flint COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium David Bonsall Katrina A Lythgoe |
| author_sort | Helen R Fryer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we evaluated the impact of viral variant, in addition to other variables, on within-host viral burden, by analysing cycle threshold (Ct) values derived from nose and throat swabs, collected as part of the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey. Because viral burden distributions determined from community survey data can be biased due to the impact of variant epidemiology on the time-since-infection of samples, we developed a method to explicitly adjust observed Ct value distributions to account for the expected bias. By analysing the adjusted Ct values using partial least squares regression, we found that among unvaccinated individuals with no known prior exposure, viral burden was 44% lower among Alpha variant infections, compared to those with the predecessor strain, B.1.177. Vaccination reduced viral burden by 67%, and among vaccinated individuals, viral burden was 286% higher among Delta variant, compared to Alpha variant, infections. In addition, viral burden increased by 17% for every 10-year age increment of the infected individual. In summary, within-host viral burden increases with age, is reduced by vaccination, and is influenced by the interplay of vaccination status and viral variant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-88e48725cc0d4fceb3aa9902b74fd193 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-88e48725cc0d4fceb3aa9902b74fd1932025-08-20T03:16:35ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742023-08-01198e101146110.1371/journal.ppat.1011461Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias.Helen R FryerTanya GolubchikMatthew HallChristophe FraserRobert HinchLuca FerrettiLaura ThomsonAnel NurtayLorenzo PellisThomas HouseGeorge MacIntyre-CockettAmy TrebesDavid BuckPaolo PiazzaAngie GreenLorne J LonieDarren SmithMatthew BashtonMatthew CrownAndrew NelsonClare M McCannMohammed Adnan TariqClaire J ElstobRui Nunes Dos SantosZack RichardsXin XhangJoseph HawleyMark R LeePriscilla Carrillo-BarraganIsobel ChapmanSarah Harthern-FlintCOVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortiumDavid BonsallKatrina A LythgoeIn this study, we evaluated the impact of viral variant, in addition to other variables, on within-host viral burden, by analysing cycle threshold (Ct) values derived from nose and throat swabs, collected as part of the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey. Because viral burden distributions determined from community survey data can be biased due to the impact of variant epidemiology on the time-since-infection of samples, we developed a method to explicitly adjust observed Ct value distributions to account for the expected bias. By analysing the adjusted Ct values using partial least squares regression, we found that among unvaccinated individuals with no known prior exposure, viral burden was 44% lower among Alpha variant infections, compared to those with the predecessor strain, B.1.177. Vaccination reduced viral burden by 67%, and among vaccinated individuals, viral burden was 286% higher among Delta variant, compared to Alpha variant, infections. In addition, viral burden increased by 17% for every 10-year age increment of the infected individual. In summary, within-host viral burden increases with age, is reduced by vaccination, and is influenced by the interplay of vaccination status and viral variant.https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011461&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Helen R Fryer Tanya Golubchik Matthew Hall Christophe Fraser Robert Hinch Luca Ferretti Laura Thomson Anel Nurtay Lorenzo Pellis Thomas House George MacIntyre-Cockett Amy Trebes David Buck Paolo Piazza Angie Green Lorne J Lonie Darren Smith Matthew Bashton Matthew Crown Andrew Nelson Clare M McCann Mohammed Adnan Tariq Claire J Elstob Rui Nunes Dos Santos Zack Richards Xin Xhang Joseph Hawley Mark R Lee Priscilla Carrillo-Barragan Isobel Chapman Sarah Harthern-Flint COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium David Bonsall Katrina A Lythgoe Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. |
| title_full | Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. |
| title_fullStr | Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. |
| title_short | Viral burden is associated with age, vaccination, and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection-related sampling bias. |
| title_sort | viral burden is associated with age vaccination and viral variant in a population representative study of sars cov 2 that accounts for time since infection related sampling bias |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1011461&type=printable |
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