Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics

The global crisis of plastic pollution, particularly involving microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), has profound ecological implications. Birds, serving as bioindicators, are especially susceptible to these pollutants. This systematic review synthesizes the current research on the presence, d...

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Main Authors: Lara Carrasco, Eva Jiménez-Mora, Maria J. Utrilla, Inés Téllez Pizarro, Marina M. Reglero, Laura Rico-San Román, Barbara Martin-Maldonado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Birds
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/6/1/10
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author Lara Carrasco
Eva Jiménez-Mora
Maria J. Utrilla
Inés Téllez Pizarro
Marina M. Reglero
Laura Rico-San Román
Barbara Martin-Maldonado
author_facet Lara Carrasco
Eva Jiménez-Mora
Maria J. Utrilla
Inés Téllez Pizarro
Marina M. Reglero
Laura Rico-San Román
Barbara Martin-Maldonado
author_sort Lara Carrasco
collection DOAJ
description The global crisis of plastic pollution, particularly involving microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), has profound ecological implications. Birds, serving as bioindicators, are especially susceptible to these pollutants. This systematic review synthesizes the current research on the presence, distribution, and impact of MPs and NPs on avian species, alongside advancements in detection methodologies. MPs and NPs have been identified in over 200 bird species across 46 families, encompassing several ecosystems, from Antarctica to Labrador, including Australia, China, and South Europe. Seabirds such as penguins, gulls, and shearwaters exhibit a high burden of MPs in tissues and feces due to fishing debris, while terrestrial species face contamination from urban and agricultural sources. Depending on their composition, MPs can cause gastrointestinal damage, oxidative stress, and bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene. However, challenges in detection persist due to methodological inconsistencies, though advances in spectroscopy and flow cytometry offer improved accuracy. Addressing this pollution is vital for bird conservation and ecosystem health, requiring international collaboration and standardized research protocols.
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spelling doaj-art-88b4bfd6573b4d8eaaaae7c829c86c4c2025-08-20T02:42:46ZengMDPI AGBirds2673-60042025-02-01611010.3390/birds6010010Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of MicroplasticsLara Carrasco0Eva Jiménez-Mora1Maria J. Utrilla2Inés Téllez Pizarro3Marina M. Reglero4Laura Rico-San Román5Barbara Martin-Maldonado6Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odon, SpainThe global crisis of plastic pollution, particularly involving microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), has profound ecological implications. Birds, serving as bioindicators, are especially susceptible to these pollutants. This systematic review synthesizes the current research on the presence, distribution, and impact of MPs and NPs on avian species, alongside advancements in detection methodologies. MPs and NPs have been identified in over 200 bird species across 46 families, encompassing several ecosystems, from Antarctica to Labrador, including Australia, China, and South Europe. Seabirds such as penguins, gulls, and shearwaters exhibit a high burden of MPs in tissues and feces due to fishing debris, while terrestrial species face contamination from urban and agricultural sources. Depending on their composition, MPs can cause gastrointestinal damage, oxidative stress, and bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals, particularly polyethylene and polypropylene. However, challenges in detection persist due to methodological inconsistencies, though advances in spectroscopy and flow cytometry offer improved accuracy. Addressing this pollution is vital for bird conservation and ecosystem health, requiring international collaboration and standardized research protocols.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/6/1/10nanoplasticsavianplastic pollutionmarine debrisenvironmental statusbioaccessibility
spellingShingle Lara Carrasco
Eva Jiménez-Mora
Maria J. Utrilla
Inés Téllez Pizarro
Marina M. Reglero
Laura Rico-San Román
Barbara Martin-Maldonado
Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
Birds
nanoplastics
avian
plastic pollution
marine debris
environmental status
bioaccessibility
title Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
title_full Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
title_fullStr Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
title_full_unstemmed Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
title_short Birds as Bioindicators: Revealing the Widespread Impact of Microplastics
title_sort birds as bioindicators revealing the widespread impact of microplastics
topic nanoplastics
avian
plastic pollution
marine debris
environmental status
bioaccessibility
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/6/1/10
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