Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics

Protoplanetary disks around luminous young A-type stars are prime observational laboratories to determine the abundances of complex organic molecules (COMs) present during planet formation. In contrast to their lower stellar mass counterparts, these warmer disks contain the sublimation fronts of com...

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Main Authors: Alice S. Booth, Lisa Wölfer, Milou Temmink, Jenny Calahan, Lucy Evans, Charles J. Law, Margot Leemker, Shota Notsu, Karin Öberg, Catherine Walsh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc7b2
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author Alice S. Booth
Lisa Wölfer
Milou Temmink
Jenny Calahan
Lucy Evans
Charles J. Law
Margot Leemker
Shota Notsu
Karin Öberg
Catherine Walsh
author_facet Alice S. Booth
Lisa Wölfer
Milou Temmink
Jenny Calahan
Lucy Evans
Charles J. Law
Margot Leemker
Shota Notsu
Karin Öberg
Catherine Walsh
author_sort Alice S. Booth
collection DOAJ
description Protoplanetary disks around luminous young A-type stars are prime observational laboratories to determine the abundances of complex organic molecules (COMs) present during planet formation. In contrast to their lower stellar mass counterparts, these warmer disks contain the sublimation fronts of complex molecules such as CH _3 OH on spatial scales accessible with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We present ALMA observations of the Herbig Ae disk HD 100453 that uncover a rich reservoir of COMs sublimating from the dust cavity edge. In addition to CH _3 OH, we detect ^13 CH _3 OH for the first time in a Class II disk, revealing a factor of three enhancement of ^13 C in the disk large organics. A tentative detection of CH _2 DOH is also reported, resulting in a D/H of 1%–2%, which is consistent with the expected deuterium enhancement from the low-temperature CH _3 OH formation in molecular clouds and with the deuteration of CH _3 OH measured in comets. The detection of methyl-formate (CH _3 OCHO), at only a few percent level of CH _3 OH, is an order of magnitude lower compared to claims toward other organic-rich Herbig Ae disks but is more in line with organic abundance patterns toward the earlier stages of star formation. Together these data provide multiple lines of evidence that disks, and therefore the planet- and comet-forming materials, contain inherited interstellar ices and perhaps the strongest evidence to date that much of the interstellar organic ice composition survives the early stages of planet formation.
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spelling doaj-art-88b1df87cccd470aaef5ed8ea605e32d2025-08-20T03:24:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019861L910.3847/2041-8213/adc7b2Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex OrganicsAlice S. Booth0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-2121Lisa Wölfer1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-2416Milou Temmink2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-7445Jenny Calahan3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-0125Lucy Evans4https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1929-3896Charles J. Law5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-1776Margot Leemker6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-7512Shota Notsu7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-912XKarin Öberg8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-1347Catherine Walsh9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-786XCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; alice.booth@cfa.harvard.eduDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USALeiden Observatory, Leiden University , 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; alice.booth@cfa.harvard.eduSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , LS2 9JT, UK ; l.e.evans@leeds.ac.ukDepartment of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Star and Planet Formation Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JapanCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; alice.booth@cfa.harvard.eduSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT, UKProtoplanetary disks around luminous young A-type stars are prime observational laboratories to determine the abundances of complex organic molecules (COMs) present during planet formation. In contrast to their lower stellar mass counterparts, these warmer disks contain the sublimation fronts of complex molecules such as CH _3 OH on spatial scales accessible with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We present ALMA observations of the Herbig Ae disk HD 100453 that uncover a rich reservoir of COMs sublimating from the dust cavity edge. In addition to CH _3 OH, we detect ^13 CH _3 OH for the first time in a Class II disk, revealing a factor of three enhancement of ^13 C in the disk large organics. A tentative detection of CH _2 DOH is also reported, resulting in a D/H of 1%–2%, which is consistent with the expected deuterium enhancement from the low-temperature CH _3 OH formation in molecular clouds and with the deuteration of CH _3 OH measured in comets. The detection of methyl-formate (CH _3 OCHO), at only a few percent level of CH _3 OH, is an order of magnitude lower compared to claims toward other organic-rich Herbig Ae disks but is more in line with organic abundance patterns toward the earlier stages of star formation. Together these data provide multiple lines of evidence that disks, and therefore the planet- and comet-forming materials, contain inherited interstellar ices and perhaps the strongest evidence to date that much of the interstellar organic ice composition survives the early stages of planet formation.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc7b2Protoplanetary disksAstrochemistryComplex organic moleculesRadio astronomy
spellingShingle Alice S. Booth
Lisa Wölfer
Milou Temmink
Jenny Calahan
Lucy Evans
Charles J. Law
Margot Leemker
Shota Notsu
Karin Öberg
Catherine Walsh
Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Protoplanetary disks
Astrochemistry
Complex organic molecules
Radio astronomy
title Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
title_full Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
title_fullStr Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
title_full_unstemmed Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
title_short Ice Sublimation in the Dynamic HD 100453 Disk Reveals a Rich Reservoir of Inherited Complex Organics
title_sort ice sublimation in the dynamic hd 100453 disk reveals a rich reservoir of inherited complex organics
topic Protoplanetary disks
Astrochemistry
Complex organic molecules
Radio astronomy
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc7b2
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