The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden that affects close to one billion individuals. As many healthcare systems struggle to accommodate existing patients, CKD incidence and related costs are projected to continue rising. Based on a systematic search, this narrative review offers an...

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Main Authors: Sajjad Biglari, Harald Mischak, Joachim Beige, Agnieszka Latosinska, Justyna Siwy, Mirosław Banasik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/809
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author Sajjad Biglari
Harald Mischak
Joachim Beige
Agnieszka Latosinska
Justyna Siwy
Mirosław Banasik
author_facet Sajjad Biglari
Harald Mischak
Joachim Beige
Agnieszka Latosinska
Justyna Siwy
Mirosław Banasik
author_sort Sajjad Biglari
collection DOAJ
description Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden that affects close to one billion individuals. As many healthcare systems struggle to accommodate existing patients, CKD incidence and related costs are projected to continue rising. Based on a systematic search, this narrative review offers an in-depth assessment of advances in CKD pharmacotherapy published between 2020 and 2025, with a specific emphasis on drug combinations. Various treatment approaches for CKD exist, many of them targeting different mechanisms. Therefore, combining multiple medications could provide patients with better outcomes, though this comes with the risk of increased adverse effects and unnecessary costs. Alternatively, using biomarkers presents an opportunity to ascertain the most appropriate treatments specifically tailored to an individual’s molecular profile, thus personalizing CKD management. The second part of this review presents the current state-of-the-art methods to guide CKD therapy based on markers predicting treatment response. Collectively, this review presents possible pathways toward more effective CKD treatment.
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series Biomolecules
spelling doaj-art-889640028bf445f6bf52caa080fd47672025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-06-0115680910.3390/biom15060809The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?Sajjad Biglari0Harald Mischak1Joachim Beige2Agnieszka Latosinska3Justyna Siwy4Mirosław Banasik5Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, GermanyMosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, GermanyKuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation (KfH) Leipzig, 04129 Leipzig, GermanyMosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, GermanyMosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Nephrology, Transplantation Medicine and Internal Diseases Institute of Internal Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-551 Wroclaw, PolandChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden that affects close to one billion individuals. As many healthcare systems struggle to accommodate existing patients, CKD incidence and related costs are projected to continue rising. Based on a systematic search, this narrative review offers an in-depth assessment of advances in CKD pharmacotherapy published between 2020 and 2025, with a specific emphasis on drug combinations. Various treatment approaches for CKD exist, many of them targeting different mechanisms. Therefore, combining multiple medications could provide patients with better outcomes, though this comes with the risk of increased adverse effects and unnecessary costs. Alternatively, using biomarkers presents an opportunity to ascertain the most appropriate treatments specifically tailored to an individual’s molecular profile, thus personalizing CKD management. The second part of this review presents the current state-of-the-art methods to guide CKD therapy based on markers predicting treatment response. Collectively, this review presents possible pathways toward more effective CKD treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/809chronic kidney diseasetherapeutic interventionscombination therapypersonalized medicinebiomarker-guided therapytreatment response prediction
spellingShingle Sajjad Biglari
Harald Mischak
Joachim Beige
Agnieszka Latosinska
Justyna Siwy
Mirosław Banasik
The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
Biomolecules
chronic kidney disease
therapeutic interventions
combination therapy
personalized medicine
biomarker-guided therapy
treatment response prediction
title The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
title_full The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
title_fullStr The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
title_full_unstemmed The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
title_short The Future of Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Combination Therapy (Polypill) or Biomarker-Guided Personalized Intervention?
title_sort future of chronic kidney disease treatment combination therapy polypill or biomarker guided personalized intervention
topic chronic kidney disease
therapeutic interventions
combination therapy
personalized medicine
biomarker-guided therapy
treatment response prediction
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/6/809
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