Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework
The parallel multi-branch pipeline system is usually used for fluid transportation and distribution in the cooling of high-power electronic equipment, especially in radar equipment. Using CFD software, a simulation study was conducted to analyze the fluid flow distribution and heat transfer characte...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3266 |
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| author | Qipeng Li Yu Wang Wenhui Tang Risto Kosonen Lujiang Xu Xuejing Yang Zhengchao Yang Xiaoyi Sun |
| author_facet | Qipeng Li Yu Wang Wenhui Tang Risto Kosonen Lujiang Xu Xuejing Yang Zhengchao Yang Xiaoyi Sun |
| author_sort | Qipeng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The parallel multi-branch pipeline system is usually used for fluid transportation and distribution in the cooling of high-power electronic equipment, especially in radar equipment. Using CFD software, a simulation study was conducted to analyze the fluid flow distribution and heat transfer characteristics within a 6 × 5 parallel multi-branch pipe. This study examined how the dimensions of the fluid channels in the liquid cooling system affected the uniformity of flow distribution and the cooling effectiveness of the system for electronic equipment. The deviation from the design flow rate was used as an evaluation criterion to assess flow distribution uniformity across the branches and components of the multi-branch liquid cooling system. After ensuring uniform flow distribution, the overall heat transfer characteristics of the liquid cooling system were analyzed. The main findings are as follows: by adjusting the flow channel dimensions within the system, the overall flow distribution uniformity increased by 10%, with the deviation from the design flow rate in each T/R component remaining within 20%. The 6 × 5 parallel multi-branch cold plate efficiently cools T/R components with heat flux densities of up to 500 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, maintaining the maximum component temperature below 358 K. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-887dc84545a44ba1ada82ad0ca03d8d0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-887dc84545a44ba1ada82ad0ca03d8d02025-08-20T02:35:56ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813326610.3390/en18133266Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling FrameworkQipeng Li0Yu Wang1Wenhui Tang2Risto Kosonen3Lujiang Xu4Xuejing Yang5Zhengchao Yang6Xiaoyi Sun7Department of HVAC Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaDepartment of HVAC Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaChina Shipbuilding Corporation Eighth Research Institute, Nanjing 211153, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 021050 Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, ChinaDepartment of HVAC Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaDepartment of HVAC Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaDepartment of HVAC Engineering, College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaThe parallel multi-branch pipeline system is usually used for fluid transportation and distribution in the cooling of high-power electronic equipment, especially in radar equipment. Using CFD software, a simulation study was conducted to analyze the fluid flow distribution and heat transfer characteristics within a 6 × 5 parallel multi-branch pipe. This study examined how the dimensions of the fluid channels in the liquid cooling system affected the uniformity of flow distribution and the cooling effectiveness of the system for electronic equipment. The deviation from the design flow rate was used as an evaluation criterion to assess flow distribution uniformity across the branches and components of the multi-branch liquid cooling system. After ensuring uniform flow distribution, the overall heat transfer characteristics of the liquid cooling system were analyzed. The main findings are as follows: by adjusting the flow channel dimensions within the system, the overall flow distribution uniformity increased by 10%, with the deviation from the design flow rate in each T/R component remaining within 20%. The 6 × 5 parallel multi-branch cold plate efficiently cools T/R components with heat flux densities of up to 500 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, maintaining the maximum component temperature below 358 K.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3266parallel multi-branch pipe systemsflow distributioncooling effectflow statenumerical simulation |
| spellingShingle | Qipeng Li Yu Wang Wenhui Tang Risto Kosonen Lujiang Xu Xuejing Yang Zhengchao Yang Xiaoyi Sun Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework Energies parallel multi-branch pipe systems flow distribution cooling effect flow state numerical simulation |
| title | Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework |
| title_full | Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework |
| title_short | Analysis of Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Multi-Branch Parallel Liquid Cooling Framework |
| title_sort | analysis of flow distribution and heat transfer characteristics in a multi branch parallel liquid cooling framework |
| topic | parallel multi-branch pipe systems flow distribution cooling effect flow state numerical simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3266 |
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