Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective

Objective: To develop a model for preoperatively predicting postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in patients with poor left ventricular (LV) function undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database, 11,493 patients with LV ejection fraction ≤35% u...

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Main Authors: Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH, Randi J. Parks, PhD, Elise M. Jortberg, MS, Eugene H. Blackstone, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:JTCVS Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666273624002766
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author Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH
Randi J. Parks, PhD
Elise M. Jortberg, MS
Eugene H. Blackstone, MD
author_facet Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH
Randi J. Parks, PhD
Elise M. Jortberg, MS
Eugene H. Blackstone, MD
author_sort Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To develop a model for preoperatively predicting postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in patients with poor left ventricular (LV) function undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database, 11,493 patients with LV ejection fraction ≤35% underwent isolated on-pump surgery from 2018 through 2019, of whom 3428 experienced PCCS. In total, 68 preoperative clinical variables were considered in machine-learning algorithms trained and optimized using scikit-learn software. Results: Compared with patients with ideal recovery, those that did were younger (65 vs 67 years), more likely female, Black, with low LV ejection fraction (26.5 vs 28.9%), previous myocardial infarction, chronic lung disease, diabetes, reoperation, or advanced heart failure. Among those with PCCS versus ideal recovery, operative mortality was 27% (925/3428) versus 0.1% (5/8065). PCCS occurred more often after coronary artery bypass grafting with concomitant mitral valve repair or after longer perfusion and clamp times. Reliable preoperative PCCS predictors were more advanced cardiac, liver, and renal failure; frailty; and greater white cell count. Out of sample test set receiver operating curve achieved an area under the curve of 0.74 with acceptable calibration Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic χ2 = 1.33, P = .25. Conclusions: In patients with severe LV dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery, risk of PCCS is elevated by preoperative failure of other organ systems and complexity of the planned operation that prolongs myocardial ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass. This risk calculator could serve as an important tool to preoperatively identify patients in need of advanced levels of support.
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spelling doaj-art-88717dc4e705467684a5fbcac74d10a22025-08-20T02:37:53ZengElsevierJTCVS Open2666-27362024-12-012227228510.1016/j.xjon.2024.10.002Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspectiveEdward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH0Randi J. Parks, PhD1Elise M. Jortberg, MS2Eugene H. Blackstone, MD3Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Address for reprints: Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44915.Academic Research, Abiomed, Danvers, MassAcademic Research, Abiomed, Danvers, MassDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OhioObjective: To develop a model for preoperatively predicting postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in patients with poor left ventricular (LV) function undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database, 11,493 patients with LV ejection fraction ≤35% underwent isolated on-pump surgery from 2018 through 2019, of whom 3428 experienced PCCS. In total, 68 preoperative clinical variables were considered in machine-learning algorithms trained and optimized using scikit-learn software. Results: Compared with patients with ideal recovery, those that did were younger (65 vs 67 years), more likely female, Black, with low LV ejection fraction (26.5 vs 28.9%), previous myocardial infarction, chronic lung disease, diabetes, reoperation, or advanced heart failure. Among those with PCCS versus ideal recovery, operative mortality was 27% (925/3428) versus 0.1% (5/8065). PCCS occurred more often after coronary artery bypass grafting with concomitant mitral valve repair or after longer perfusion and clamp times. Reliable preoperative PCCS predictors were more advanced cardiac, liver, and renal failure; frailty; and greater white cell count. Out of sample test set receiver operating curve achieved an area under the curve of 0.74 with acceptable calibration Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic χ2 = 1.33, P = .25. Conclusions: In patients with severe LV dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery, risk of PCCS is elevated by preoperative failure of other organ systems and complexity of the planned operation that prolongs myocardial ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass. This risk calculator could serve as an important tool to preoperatively identify patients in need of advanced levels of support.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666273624002766CABGmitral valve surgeryLV dysfunctionmachine learningpostcardiotomy shockSTS ACSD
spellingShingle Edward G. Soltesz, MD, MPH
Randi J. Parks, PhD
Elise M. Jortberg, MS
Eugene H. Blackstone, MD
Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
JTCVS Open
CABG
mitral valve surgery
LV dysfunction
machine learning
postcardiotomy shock
STS ACSD
title Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
title_full Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
title_fullStr Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
title_short Machine learning−derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patientsCentral MessagePerspective
title_sort machine learning derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high risk cardiac surgery patientscentral messageperspective
topic CABG
mitral valve surgery
LV dysfunction
machine learning
postcardiotomy shock
STS ACSD
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666273624002766
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