0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR
Abstract This work introduces the design and analysis of a Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit with better temperature stability and reduced process variation. The second-order compensation method is implemented for design through an optimized error amplifier and a resistor network with a significantly...
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| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16310-z |
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| author | Chokkakula Ganesh Satheesh Kumar S A. Shanthi Sk Shoukath Vali |
| author_facet | Chokkakula Ganesh Satheesh Kumar S A. Shanthi Sk Shoukath Vali |
| author_sort | Chokkakula Ganesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This work introduces the design and analysis of a Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit with better temperature stability and reduced process variation. The second-order compensation method is implemented for design through an optimized error amplifier and a resistor network with a significantly better temperature coefficient performance. The startup mechanism is carefully designed for ensured strong and stable circuit performance under every variation of process-voltage-temperature (PVT). The proposed BGR is compared with conventional methods such as CM-BGR, Cascaded CM-BGR, Operational Amplifier based-BGR, and Sub-BGR with respect to Temperature Coefficient (TC), Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), and line regulation. The proposed Sub-BGR is shown to provide 3.33 ppm/°C (58.97–78.79% less) temperature coefficient, 1.12×–6.02× improvement in PSRR, and 96% improved line regulation with 723 µV variation, thus showing improved performance compared to Operational Amplifier based-BGR and Sub-BGR techniques, rendering the proposed BGR highly appropriate for high-precision analog and mixed-signal applications. The proposed BGR is simulated and implemented by Synopsys custom compile using 32 nm CMOS technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-882fe544d1d14f6fa5fa99a0c446531a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-882fe544d1d14f6fa5fa99a0c446531a2025-08-24T11:22:54ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-16310-z0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRRChokkakula Ganesh0Satheesh Kumar S1A. Shanthi2Sk Shoukath Vali3Deptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP UniversitySchool of Computer Science Engineering, VIT-AP UniversityDeptartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyAbstract This work introduces the design and analysis of a Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit with better temperature stability and reduced process variation. The second-order compensation method is implemented for design through an optimized error amplifier and a resistor network with a significantly better temperature coefficient performance. The startup mechanism is carefully designed for ensured strong and stable circuit performance under every variation of process-voltage-temperature (PVT). The proposed BGR is compared with conventional methods such as CM-BGR, Cascaded CM-BGR, Operational Amplifier based-BGR, and Sub-BGR with respect to Temperature Coefficient (TC), Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), and line regulation. The proposed Sub-BGR is shown to provide 3.33 ppm/°C (58.97–78.79% less) temperature coefficient, 1.12×–6.02× improvement in PSRR, and 96% improved line regulation with 723 µV variation, thus showing improved performance compared to Operational Amplifier based-BGR and Sub-BGR techniques, rendering the proposed BGR highly appropriate for high-precision analog and mixed-signal applications. The proposed BGR is simulated and implemented by Synopsys custom compile using 32 nm CMOS technology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16310-zProcess–voltage–temperature (PVT)StartupOperational amplifierComplementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT)Proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT)Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) |
| spellingShingle | Chokkakula Ganesh Satheesh Kumar S A. Shanthi Sk Shoukath Vali 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR Scientific Reports Process–voltage–temperature (PVT) Startup Operational amplifier Complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) Proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) |
| title | 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR |
| title_full | 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR |
| title_fullStr | 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR |
| title_full_unstemmed | 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR |
| title_short | 0.91 V reference, 3.3 ppm/°C Sub-BGR with second-order compensation and improved PSRR |
| title_sort | 0 91 v reference 3 3 ppm °c sub bgr with second order compensation and improved psrr |
| topic | Process–voltage–temperature (PVT) Startup Operational amplifier Complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) Proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16310-z |
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