Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes

The extensive use of sodium-ion batteries has made it important to develop high-performance anode materials. Owing to their good sustainability, low cost, and excellent electrochemical properties, hard carbon materials are expected to be a good choice, especially biomass-derived hard carbon. In this...

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Main Authors: Yuanfeng Liu, Shuai Chen, Chengzhi Zhang, Guochun Li, Junfeng Liu, Yong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/734
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author Yuanfeng Liu
Shuai Chen
Chengzhi Zhang
Guochun Li
Junfeng Liu
Yong Wang
author_facet Yuanfeng Liu
Shuai Chen
Chengzhi Zhang
Guochun Li
Junfeng Liu
Yong Wang
author_sort Yuanfeng Liu
collection DOAJ
description The extensive use of sodium-ion batteries has made it important to develop high-performance anode materials. Owing to their good sustainability, low cost, and excellent electrochemical properties, hard carbon materials are expected to be a good choice, especially biomass-derived hard carbon. In this study, we successfully synthesized a coir-based carbon nanosphere as an anode material. The hard carbon has a low degree of structural ordering, small particle size, and multiple pore networks for easy sulfur doping compared to the conventional direct high-temperature sulfur doping. The material has a high reversible capacity of 536 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 53%, maintaining a reversible capacity of 308 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a high current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, achieving a capacity retention of 90.3% after 1000 cycles. The performance enhancement stems from a combination of enlarged layer spacing, an increased specific surface area, enhanced porosity, and doped sulfur atoms. This study provides an effective strategy for the conversion of biomass waste into high-performance sodium-ion anode material batteries.
format Article
id doaj-art-882ed5409ac54b74b4c2af046b23cfef
institution Kabale University
issn 2079-4991
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj-art-882ed5409ac54b74b4c2af046b23cfef2025-08-20T03:48:01ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-01151073410.3390/nano15100734Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion AnodesYuanfeng Liu0Shuai Chen1Chengzhi Zhang2Guochun Li3Junfeng Liu4Yong Wang5Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaInstitute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaThe extensive use of sodium-ion batteries has made it important to develop high-performance anode materials. Owing to their good sustainability, low cost, and excellent electrochemical properties, hard carbon materials are expected to be a good choice, especially biomass-derived hard carbon. In this study, we successfully synthesized a coir-based carbon nanosphere as an anode material. The hard carbon has a low degree of structural ordering, small particle size, and multiple pore networks for easy sulfur doping compared to the conventional direct high-temperature sulfur doping. The material has a high reversible capacity of 536 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and an initial Coulombic efficiency of 53%, maintaining a reversible capacity of 308 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a high current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, achieving a capacity retention of 90.3% after 1000 cycles. The performance enhancement stems from a combination of enlarged layer spacing, an increased specific surface area, enhanced porosity, and doped sulfur atoms. This study provides an effective strategy for the conversion of biomass waste into high-performance sodium-ion anode material batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/734biomasshard carbonsodium-ion batteryanodehydrothermalsulfur
spellingShingle Yuanfeng Liu
Shuai Chen
Chengzhi Zhang
Guochun Li
Junfeng Liu
Yong Wang
Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
Nanomaterials
biomass
hard carbon
sodium-ion battery
anode
hydrothermal
sulfur
title Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
title_full Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
title_fullStr Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
title_full_unstemmed Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
title_short Shredded-Coconut-Derived Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon via Hydrothermal Processing for High-Performance Sodium Ion Anodes
title_sort shredded coconut derived sulfur doped hard carbon via hydrothermal processing for high performance sodium ion anodes
topic biomass
hard carbon
sodium-ion battery
anode
hydrothermal
sulfur
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/10/734
work_keys_str_mv AT yuanfengliu shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes
AT shuaichen shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes
AT chengzhizhang shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes
AT guochunli shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes
AT junfengliu shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes
AT yongwang shreddedcoconutderivedsulfurdopedhardcarbonviahydrothermalprocessingforhighperformancesodiumionanodes