Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China

ABSTRACT Lilium pseudonanum, a new species endemic to highly restricted habitats in the eastern Himalayas, has been identified and taxonomically distinguished from the morphologically similar L. nanum. Genetic analyses utilizing nuclear and chloroplast datasets have conclusively established L. pseud...

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Main Authors: Xiaojuan Chen, Yumei Yuan, Yundong Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71738
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author Xiaojuan Chen
Yumei Yuan
Yundong Gao
author_facet Xiaojuan Chen
Yumei Yuan
Yundong Gao
author_sort Xiaojuan Chen
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Lilium pseudonanum, a new species endemic to highly restricted habitats in the eastern Himalayas, has been identified and taxonomically distinguished from the morphologically similar L. nanum. Genetic analyses utilizing nuclear and chloroplast datasets have conclusively established L. pseudonanum as a distinct species, revealing a complex relationship with L. nanum and other related taxa, despite the historical classification of the former two as conspecific. Genomic evidence suggests a potential hybrid origin for L. pseudonanum. Nuclear‐plastid discordance indicates chloroplast capture from the Duchartrei clade and nuclear introgression from the Lophophorum clade. Furthermore, ADMIXTURE analyses reveal a tripartite ancestry, while TreeMix analysis has detected bidirectional gene flow from both putative parental lineages. In contrast, morphological principal component analysis (PCA) has shown no significant differences between the two species, except for the notably larger basal leaf blades in L. pseudonanum, highlighting its cryptic nature. Ecologically, L. pseudonanum occupies habitats characterized by higher summer precipitation and prolonged snow accumulation during winter, providing greater moisture availability compared to the drier habitats of L. nanum. This suggests a degree of ecological niche divergence between the two species. Environmental niche modeling (ENM) predicts that the distribution of L. nanum may shift in response to global warming, potentially driving its upward migration to higher elevations or latitudes. This northward or altitudinal movement could lead to overlapping habitats with L. pseudonanum, raising critical concerns about habitat loss and the risk of genetic introgression. Such introgression could threaten the taxonomic distinctiveness and ecological stability of L. pseudonanum. Given its extremely restricted geographic range and small population size, L. pseudonanum has been classified as “Critically Endangered” (CR). As a result, urgent actions are needed to confirm its taxonomic status and implement comprehensive conservation measures to ensure its survival.
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spelling doaj-art-88045f19af664bebb59944869ec0af602025-08-20T03:08:40ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71738Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, ChinaXiaojuan Chen0Yumei Yuan1Yundong Gao2Mountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaMountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaMountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaABSTRACT Lilium pseudonanum, a new species endemic to highly restricted habitats in the eastern Himalayas, has been identified and taxonomically distinguished from the morphologically similar L. nanum. Genetic analyses utilizing nuclear and chloroplast datasets have conclusively established L. pseudonanum as a distinct species, revealing a complex relationship with L. nanum and other related taxa, despite the historical classification of the former two as conspecific. Genomic evidence suggests a potential hybrid origin for L. pseudonanum. Nuclear‐plastid discordance indicates chloroplast capture from the Duchartrei clade and nuclear introgression from the Lophophorum clade. Furthermore, ADMIXTURE analyses reveal a tripartite ancestry, while TreeMix analysis has detected bidirectional gene flow from both putative parental lineages. In contrast, morphological principal component analysis (PCA) has shown no significant differences between the two species, except for the notably larger basal leaf blades in L. pseudonanum, highlighting its cryptic nature. Ecologically, L. pseudonanum occupies habitats characterized by higher summer precipitation and prolonged snow accumulation during winter, providing greater moisture availability compared to the drier habitats of L. nanum. This suggests a degree of ecological niche divergence between the two species. Environmental niche modeling (ENM) predicts that the distribution of L. nanum may shift in response to global warming, potentially driving its upward migration to higher elevations or latitudes. This northward or altitudinal movement could lead to overlapping habitats with L. pseudonanum, raising critical concerns about habitat loss and the risk of genetic introgression. Such introgression could threaten the taxonomic distinctiveness and ecological stability of L. pseudonanum. Given its extremely restricted geographic range and small population size, L. pseudonanum has been classified as “Critically Endangered” (CR). As a result, urgent actions are needed to confirm its taxonomic status and implement comprehensive conservation measures to ensure its survival.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71738conservationcryptic specieshybrid originLilium nanumLilium pseudonanum
spellingShingle Xiaojuan Chen
Yumei Yuan
Yundong Gao
Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
Ecology and Evolution
conservation
cryptic species
hybrid origin
Lilium nanum
Lilium pseudonanum
title Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
title_full Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
title_fullStr Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
title_full_unstemmed Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
title_short Lilium pseudonanum (Liliaceae), a Rare and Cryptic Species From Southeast Xizang, China
title_sort lilium pseudonanum liliaceae a rare and cryptic species from southeast xizang china
topic conservation
cryptic species
hybrid origin
Lilium nanum
Lilium pseudonanum
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71738
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AT yumeiyuan liliumpseudonanumliliaceaearareandcrypticspeciesfromsoutheastxizangchina
AT yundonggao liliumpseudonanumliliaceaearareandcrypticspeciesfromsoutheastxizangchina