Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures

Abstract Earth bricks are well known to be sustainable, cheap and have thermal insulation capacity. Their structural performance is however, hampered by poor compressive strength, durability as well as high water absorption. In a bid to overcome such hurdles, the current work discusses the prospect...

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Main Authors: Salman Farooq, Zia Ul Islam, Muhammad Saeed Khan, Muhammad Umair Umar, Abdullah Khan Jadoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Civil Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-025-00294-w
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author Salman Farooq
Zia Ul Islam
Muhammad Saeed Khan
Muhammad Umair Umar
Abdullah Khan Jadoon
author_facet Salman Farooq
Zia Ul Islam
Muhammad Saeed Khan
Muhammad Umair Umar
Abdullah Khan Jadoon
author_sort Salman Farooq
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Earth bricks are well known to be sustainable, cheap and have thermal insulation capacity. Their structural performance is however, hampered by poor compressive strength, durability as well as high water absorption. In a bid to overcome such hurdles, the current work discusses the prospect of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizing additive in a bid to lower environmental burden due to cement manufacture. Cement contributes a lot to the CO2 emissions, but the environmental fate of PVA has not been compared adequately with that of cement. In recent years there have been an increasing number of studies examining the environmental trade-offs of using PVA with emphasis on its potential to decrease cement content in earth bricks. Bricks were made with 5% cement content and different proportions of PVA (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7% ). The experimental findings indicated that bricks containing 5% PVA had the highest increment in compressive strength, water resistance and durability compared to other mixes. In addition, the paper has also pointed out that the environmental impact of PVA, albeit minor, when compared to that of cement, is also a significant consideration when looking at the overall sustainability of the material. The present work implies that PVA cannot substitute cement and is a synergistic agent that can provide the same performance with a significantly reduced cement content, making it a more sustainable option. The findings will be of use to similar growing literature on low-carbon and high-performance building materials, more so with consideration to the climatic change, resource shrinkage, and growing need of affordable housing in flood-prone regions. This paper presents a sustainable, up mountable process of manufacturing high quality compressed earth bricks, to support climate resilient infrastructure and sustainable growth.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2948-1546
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-87f4165b475447cea8f7e7006fd7614f2025-08-20T04:02:44ZengSpringerDiscover Civil Engineering2948-15462025-07-012112110.1007/s44290-025-00294-wAssessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structuresSalman Farooq0Zia Ul Islam1Muhammad Saeed Khan2Muhammad Umair Umar3Abdullah Khan Jadoon4Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and TechnologyAbstract Earth bricks are well known to be sustainable, cheap and have thermal insulation capacity. Their structural performance is however, hampered by poor compressive strength, durability as well as high water absorption. In a bid to overcome such hurdles, the current work discusses the prospect of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizing additive in a bid to lower environmental burden due to cement manufacture. Cement contributes a lot to the CO2 emissions, but the environmental fate of PVA has not been compared adequately with that of cement. In recent years there have been an increasing number of studies examining the environmental trade-offs of using PVA with emphasis on its potential to decrease cement content in earth bricks. Bricks were made with 5% cement content and different proportions of PVA (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7% ). The experimental findings indicated that bricks containing 5% PVA had the highest increment in compressive strength, water resistance and durability compared to other mixes. In addition, the paper has also pointed out that the environmental impact of PVA, albeit minor, when compared to that of cement, is also a significant consideration when looking at the overall sustainability of the material. The present work implies that PVA cannot substitute cement and is a synergistic agent that can provide the same performance with a significantly reduced cement content, making it a more sustainable option. The findings will be of use to similar growing literature on low-carbon and high-performance building materials, more so with consideration to the climatic change, resource shrinkage, and growing need of affordable housing in flood-prone regions. This paper presents a sustainable, up mountable process of manufacturing high quality compressed earth bricks, to support climate resilient infrastructure and sustainable growth.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-025-00294-wEarth bricksLow cementSustainable construction materialsCompressive strengthEnvironmental impact. Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)
spellingShingle Salman Farooq
Zia Ul Islam
Muhammad Saeed Khan
Muhammad Umair Umar
Abdullah Khan Jadoon
Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
Discover Civil Engineering
Earth bricks
Low cement
Sustainable construction materials
Compressive strength
Environmental impact. Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)
title Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
title_full Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
title_fullStr Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
title_short Assessment of polyvinyl alcohol–stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
title_sort assessment of polyvinyl alcohol stabilized compressed earth bricks on performance and durability of structures
topic Earth bricks
Low cement
Sustainable construction materials
Compressive strength
Environmental impact. Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-025-00294-w
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AT muhammadsaeedkhan assessmentofpolyvinylalcoholstabilizedcompressedearthbricksonperformanceanddurabilityofstructures
AT muhammadumairumar assessmentofpolyvinylalcoholstabilizedcompressedearthbricksonperformanceanddurabilityofstructures
AT abdullahkhanjadoon assessmentofpolyvinylalcoholstabilizedcompressedearthbricksonperformanceanddurabilityofstructures