Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes

Abstract Background In the realm of inorganic synthesis, the adoption of green chemistry principles has led to the utilization of "Microwave-assisted synthesis" as an energy-efficient methodology. Microwave irradiation, offering clean, cost-effective, and safe heating, outperforms traditio...

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Main Authors: Nighat Fahmi, Naveen Sharma, Yogeshwari Satyawana, Sarita Beniwal, Shivansh Bhatnagar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00813-7
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author Nighat Fahmi
Naveen Sharma
Yogeshwari Satyawana
Sarita Beniwal
Shivansh Bhatnagar
author_facet Nighat Fahmi
Naveen Sharma
Yogeshwari Satyawana
Sarita Beniwal
Shivansh Bhatnagar
author_sort Nighat Fahmi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In the realm of inorganic synthesis, the adoption of green chemistry principles has led to the utilization of "Microwave-assisted synthesis" as an energy-efficient methodology. Microwave irradiation, offering clean, cost-effective, and safe heating, outperforms traditional methods, resulting in more efficient reactions and higher yields. A new series of oxovanadium(V) complexes with four monobasic bidentate ligands L1(2-(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]hydrazinecarbothioamide, L2(2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene}]-hydrazinecarbothioamide), L3([2-(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide)) and L4([2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene}]-hydrazinecarboxamide) were synthesized by the condensation of ligands with VOCl3 in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio in dry methanol using the microwave-assisted irradiation and traditional heating methods. The Schiff base ligands and their corresponding vanadium complexes were characterized by elemental analysis method, melting point and molecular weight determinations, IR, UV–Vis, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and X-ray powder diffraction. Result Based on these spectral elucidation penta and hexa-coordinated environments around the vanadium metal can be proposed for 1:1 and 1:2 complexes having square pyramidal and octahedral geometries, respectively. To evaluate biological studies, the ligands, and their respective complexes were screened for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, DNA cleavage, and antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the vanadium (V) complexes are better antimicrobial and DNA-cleaving agents as compared to the parent Schiff base. The Schiff base complexes exhibit moderate to good scavenging activity and hence they are good antioxidant agents. Conclusion As a result, microwave-aided synthesis seems to be extremely helpful in energy savings and reaction sustainability. The chelating agents coordinated to the vanadium atom via oxygen/sulfur and azomethine nitrogen to create Penta and Hexa-coordinated environments around the vanadium(V) metal atom for the (1:1) and (1:2) vanadium (V) complexes having square pyramidal and octahedral geometry, respectively, based on analytical and spectroscopic evidence. The oxovanadium derivatives are more effective than the parent ligands in terms of DNA cleavage and antioxidant activity. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-87d4844bcd40444eb3230cf0247a641d2025-08-20T03:25:16ZengSpringerOpenFuture Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2314-72532025-06-0111111210.1186/s43094-025-00813-7Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexesNighat Fahmi0Naveen Sharma1Yogeshwari Satyawana2Sarita Beniwal3Shivansh Bhatnagar4Department of Chemistry, University of RajasthanDepartment of Chemistry, University of RajasthanDepartment of Chemistry, University of RajasthanDepartment of Chemistry, University of RajasthanDepartment of Chemistry, University of RajasthanAbstract Background In the realm of inorganic synthesis, the adoption of green chemistry principles has led to the utilization of "Microwave-assisted synthesis" as an energy-efficient methodology. Microwave irradiation, offering clean, cost-effective, and safe heating, outperforms traditional methods, resulting in more efficient reactions and higher yields. A new series of oxovanadium(V) complexes with four monobasic bidentate ligands L1(2-(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]hydrazinecarbothioamide, L2(2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene}]-hydrazinecarbothioamide), L3([2-(2-fluorophenyl)methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide)) and L4([2-{1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyledene}]-hydrazinecarboxamide) were synthesized by the condensation of ligands with VOCl3 in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio in dry methanol using the microwave-assisted irradiation and traditional heating methods. The Schiff base ligands and their corresponding vanadium complexes were characterized by elemental analysis method, melting point and molecular weight determinations, IR, UV–Vis, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and X-ray powder diffraction. Result Based on these spectral elucidation penta and hexa-coordinated environments around the vanadium metal can be proposed for 1:1 and 1:2 complexes having square pyramidal and octahedral geometries, respectively. To evaluate biological studies, the ligands, and their respective complexes were screened for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, DNA cleavage, and antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the vanadium (V) complexes are better antimicrobial and DNA-cleaving agents as compared to the parent Schiff base. The Schiff base complexes exhibit moderate to good scavenging activity and hence they are good antioxidant agents. Conclusion As a result, microwave-aided synthesis seems to be extremely helpful in energy savings and reaction sustainability. The chelating agents coordinated to the vanadium atom via oxygen/sulfur and azomethine nitrogen to create Penta and Hexa-coordinated environments around the vanadium(V) metal atom for the (1:1) and (1:2) vanadium (V) complexes having square pyramidal and octahedral geometry, respectively, based on analytical and spectroscopic evidence. The oxovanadium derivatives are more effective than the parent ligands in terms of DNA cleavage and antioxidant activity. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00813-7Antimicrobial activityAntioxidant activityDNA cleavage activitySchiff base complexesSpectral studies.
spellingShingle Nighat Fahmi
Naveen Sharma
Yogeshwari Satyawana
Sarita Beniwal
Shivansh Bhatnagar
Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
DNA cleavage activity
Schiff base complexes
Spectral studies.
title Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
title_full Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
title_fullStr Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
title_full_unstemmed Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
title_short Green synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and biological studies of some fluoroimine-based oxovanadium(V) complexes
title_sort green synthesis spectroscopic characterization and biological studies of some fluoroimine based oxovanadium v complexes
topic Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
DNA cleavage activity
Schiff base complexes
Spectral studies.
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-025-00813-7
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