Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil
(1) Background: The Guarapiranga reservoir, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (RMSP), plays an important role in supplying water to the population. However, the growing urbanization in the region, which has occurred in a disorderly manner and lacks basic sanitation infrastructure, has...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Andrezza Nascimento Lorena A. Fernandes Carlos A. O. de Biagi Marta A. Marcondes Sabri Saeed Sanabani |
| author_facet | Andrezza Nascimento Lorena A. Fernandes Carlos A. O. de Biagi Marta A. Marcondes Sabri Saeed Sanabani |
| author_sort | Andrezza Nascimento |
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| description | (1) Background: The Guarapiranga reservoir, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (RMSP), plays an important role in supplying water to the population. However, the growing urbanization in the region, which has occurred in a disorderly manner and lacks basic sanitation infrastructure, has had a detrimental impact on the reservoir’s conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and detect coliforms to determine the water quality of the Guarapiranga reservoir, as well as to characterize the microbial diversity and antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) present in the reservoir water. (2) Methods: Four sampling campaigns of the Guarapiranga reservoir were carried out between October 2020 and July 2022. Physicochemical analyses, and selective microbiological culture for coliforms, as well as the extraction of bacterial DNA for subsequent sequencing and search for ARGs were carried out. (3) Results: Analysis of the physicochemical results showed a progressive reduction in the quality of the reservoir’s water, and the microbiological tests consistently showed the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp. and <i>Klebisiella</i> spp. in the water samples collected from the reservoir. Analyses of the sequencing data showed the predominant presence of the phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and 12 ARGs were detected in the reservoir. (4) Conclusions: The increase in sewage discharge, mainly due to the growth of irregular housing, has affected the quality of the water, as indicated by the physicochemical analysis and detection of coliforms and ARGs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87d39bf6a1de45c99b13c828d55519bf |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj-art-87d39bf6a1de45c99b13c828d55519bf2025-08-20T02:33:50ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-04-0115572910.3390/life15050729Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, BrazilAndrezza Nascimento0Lorena A. Fernandes1Carlos A. O. de Biagi2Marta A. Marcondes3Sabri Saeed Sanabani4Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-901, BrazilPost-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-901, BrazilDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USAPost-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-901, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil(1) Background: The Guarapiranga reservoir, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (RMSP), plays an important role in supplying water to the population. However, the growing urbanization in the region, which has occurred in a disorderly manner and lacks basic sanitation infrastructure, has had a detrimental impact on the reservoir’s conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters and detect coliforms to determine the water quality of the Guarapiranga reservoir, as well as to characterize the microbial diversity and antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) present in the reservoir water. (2) Methods: Four sampling campaigns of the Guarapiranga reservoir were carried out between October 2020 and July 2022. Physicochemical analyses, and selective microbiological culture for coliforms, as well as the extraction of bacterial DNA for subsequent sequencing and search for ARGs were carried out. (3) Results: Analysis of the physicochemical results showed a progressive reduction in the quality of the reservoir’s water, and the microbiological tests consistently showed the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., <i>Shigella</i> spp. and <i>Klebisiella</i> spp. in the water samples collected from the reservoir. Analyses of the sequencing data showed the predominant presence of the phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and 12 ARGs were detected in the reservoir. (4) Conclusions: The increase in sewage discharge, mainly due to the growth of irregular housing, has affected the quality of the water, as indicated by the physicochemical analysis and detection of coliforms and ARGs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/729Guarapiranga reservoirbacteriome16S rRNAARGswater qualitycoliforms |
| spellingShingle | Andrezza Nascimento Lorena A. Fernandes Carlos A. O. de Biagi Marta A. Marcondes Sabri Saeed Sanabani Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil Life Guarapiranga reservoir bacteriome 16S rRNA ARGs water quality coliforms |
| title | Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full | Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_short | Presence of Coliforms and Reduced Water Quality in the Second Biggest Reservoir in São Paulo, Brazil |
| title_sort | presence of coliforms and reduced water quality in the second biggest reservoir in sao paulo brazil |
| topic | Guarapiranga reservoir bacteriome 16S rRNA ARGs water quality coliforms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/5/729 |
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